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derivepassphrase-vault.1
Move manpage directory out of docs, to top-level
Marco Ricci
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.Dd 2025-01-07 .Dt DERIVEPASSPHRASE-VAULT 1 .Os derivepassphrase 0.4.0 . .Sh NAME . .Nm derivepassphrase-vault .Nd derive a passphrase using the vault derivation scheme . .Sh SYNOPSIS . .Bd -ragged .Nm derivepassphrase vault .Op Fl \-phrase | Fl \-key .Op Fl \-length Ar n .Op Fl \-repeat Ar n .Op Fl \-lower Ar n .Op Fl \-upper Ar n .Op Fl \-number Ar n .Op Fl \-space Ar n .Op Fl \-dash Ar n .Op Fl \-symbol Ar n .Ar SERVICE . .Nm derivepassphrase vault .Brq Fl \-phrase | \-key | No .\|.\|. | Fl \-symbol Ar n .No .\|.\|. .Fl \-config .Op Fl \-unset Ar setting No .\|.\|. .Op Fl \-overwrite\-existing | Fl \-merge\-existing .Op Ar SERVICE . .Nm derivepassphrase vault .Bro .Fl \-notes .Ar SERVICE | .Fl \-delete .Ar SERVICE | .Fl \-delete\-globals | .Fl \-clear .Brc . .Nm derivepassphrase vault .Op Fl \-export\-as Brq Li json | sh .Brq Fl \-import Ar PATH | Fl \-export Ar PATH .Ed . .Sh DESCRIPTION . Using a master passphrase, derive a passphrase for .Ar SERVICE , subject to length, character and character repetition constraints, in a manner compatible with James Coglan's .Xr vault 1 . .Pp . The derivation is .Em strong : derived passphrases have as much entropy as permitted by the master passphrase and the passphrase constraints (whichever is more restrictive), and even if multiple derived passphrases are compromised, the master passphrase remains cryptographically difficult to discern from theses compromised passphrases. The derivation is also .Em deterministic , given the same inputs, thus the resulting passphrase need not be stored explicitly. .Pp . The service name and constraints themselves also need not be kept secret; the latter are usually stored in a world-readable file to ease repeated entry of passphrase constraints. .Pp . In lieu of a master passphrase, a master .Tn SSH key can also be used if there is a reachable, running .Tn SSH agent currently holding this key and if the key type is supported. (See .Sx "SSH KEY SUITABILITY" and .Sx BUGS below.) This too is compatible with .Xr vault 1 . . .Sh OPTIONS . .Ss Passphrase generation . The passphrase generation options can be divided into .Dq passphrase source options .Fl ( \-phrase , \-key ) and .Dq passphrase constraint options (all others). The passphrase source options are mutually exclusive \(em you may only specify one of them \(em while the passphrase constraint options may be combined in any way. The .Ar SERVICE is mandatory (see synopsis\~#1), unless the .Fl \-config option is specified (see synopsis\~#2). All character constraints refer to ASCII printable characters only (space .Pq Li U+0020 to tilde .Pq Li U+007E , excluding the grave accent .Pq Li U+0060 ) . . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Fl p , \-phrase Prompt for a passphrase. .Pp . See also .Sx Configuration for how this interacts with a stored passphrase or .Tn SSH key. . .It Fl k , \-key Select an SSH key. .Pp . An SSH agent such as OpenSSH's .Xr ssh-agent 1 or PuTTY's .Xr pageant 1 must be running and accessible, and have the desired key loaded. The SSH key must also be .Em suitable for this purpose; see .Sx SSH key suitability for details. .Pp . See also .Sx Configuration for how this interacts with a stored passphrase or .Tn SSH key. . .It Fl l Ar n , Fl \-length Ar n Force the passphrase to have the length .Ar n . Defaults to the length .Sy 20 if not specified, or if explicitly specified as .Li 0 . . .It Fl r Ar n , Fl \-repeat Ar n Permit only runs of up to .Ar n consecutive occurrences of the same character. Alternatively, forbid immediate additional repetitions of length .Ar n (or more) for any character in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 disables repetition constraints, which is the default. . .It Fl \-lower Ar n Include at least .Ar n lowercase characters in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely. The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .It Fl \-upper Ar n Include at least .Ar n uppercase characters in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely. The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .It Fl \-number Ar n Include at least .Ar n digits in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely. The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .It Fl \-space Ar n Include at least .Ar n spaces in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely. The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .It Fl \-dash Ar n Include at least .Ar n .Dq dashes .Li ( \- or .Li _ ) in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely. The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .It Fl \-symbol Ar n Include at least .Ar n symbols (any of .Li !\[dq]#$%&\[aq]()*+,./:;<=>?@[\e]\(ha{|}\(ti\-_ ) in the derived passphrase. Setting .Ar n No = Li 0 forbids these characters entirely, and effectively also implies .Fl \-dash Li 0 . The default is to not constain the occurrences in any manner. . .El . .Ss Configuration . The configuration options directly modify the stored settings: default settings, known services, and service-specific settings. They are mutually exclusive; you may only specify one of them. The .Ar SERVICE is mandatory for .Fl \-notes and .Fl \-delete , optional for .Fl \-config , and forbidden for .Fl \-delete\-globals and .Fl \-clear (see synopsis\~#2 and synopsis\~#3). . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Fl n , \-notes Spawn an editor to edit notes for .Ar SERVICE . Use the .Ev VISUAL or .Ev EDITOR environment variables to configure the spawned editor. . .It Fl c , \-config Save the given settings for .Ar SERVICE (if given), or save the given settings as global default settings. .Pp . See the .Sx Passphrase generation and .Sx Compatibility and extension options sections for other options compatible with .Fl \-config . .Pp . .Bf -symbolic Do not use the .Fl \-phrase and .Fl \-config options together! The configuration file is assumed to not contain sensitive contents, and is not encrypted. .Ef . .It Fl x , \-delete Delete all stored settings for .Ar SERVICE . . .It Fl \-delete\-globals Delete all stored global default settings. . .It Fl X , \-clear Delete all stored settings. . .El . .Ss Storage management . The storage management options deal with importing and exporting the stored settings. They are mutually exclusive; you may only specify one of them. Using .Li \- as .Ar PATH for standard input/standard output is supported. . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Fl e Ar PATH , Fl \-export Ar PATH Export all saved settings into file .Ar PATH . . .It Fl i Ar PATH , Fl \-import Ar PATH Import saved settings from file .Ar PATH . . .El . .Ss Compatibility and extension options . By default, .Nm derivepassphrase vault behaves in a manner compatible with .Xr vault 1 . The compatibility and extension options modify the behavior to enable additional functionality, or specifically to force compatibility. .Pp . .Xr vault 1 supports none of these options, and behaves as if the option had not been given or had been left in its default state. . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Fl \-overwrite\-existing No "" / "" Fl \-merge\-existing When importing a configuration via .Fl \-import , or configuring the settings via .Fl \-config , overwrite or merge .Em ( default ) the existing configuration. .Pp . If overwriting the configuration, then the whole configuration .Pq for Fl \-import or the respective section .Pq service-specific or global, for Fl \-config , will be written from scratch. If merging, then each section .Pq service-specific or global, for Fl \-import or each singular setting .Pq for Fl \-config will be overwritten, but other unaffected settings/sections will not. .Pp . .Xr ( vault 1 behaves as if .Fl \-merge\-existing were always given.) . .It Fl \-unset Ar setting When configuring via .Fl \-config , also unset the specified .Ar setting , where .Ar setting is one of the passphrase generation settings .Pq Li phrase , key , lower , No .\|.\|. . May be specified multiple times. Must not overlap with any of the settings being set afterwards. .Pp . .Xr ( vault 1 does not support this option.) . .It Fl \-export\-as Brq Li json | sh When exporting the configuration via .Fl \-export , export as .Tn JSON (default) or as a shell script in .Xr sh 1 format. .Pp . The .Tn JSON format is compatible with .Xr vault 1 . For the shell script format, see the .Sx SHELL SCRIPT EXPORT FORMAT section for details. .Pp . .Xr ( vault 1 behaves as if .Fl \-export\-as Li json were always given.) . .El . .Ss Other options . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Fl \-version Show the version and exit. . .It Fl h , \-help Show a help message and exit. . .El . .Sh SHELL SCRIPT EXPORT FORMAT . If the shell script export format is selected, the configuration will be exported as a .Tn POSIX .Xr sh 1 script, containing calls to .Nm derivepassphrase vault to reconstruct the current configuration from scratch. The script assumes a conforming .Xr sh 1 , with support for .Dq here documents. .Pp . .Bf -symbolic Do not run these emitted shell scripts directly without double-checking their output first! .Ef . .Sh SSH KEY SUITABILITY . An .Tn SSH key is .Sy suitable for use with .Nm derivepassphrase vault if the .Tn SSH agent guarantees that signatures produced with this key will be .Em deterministic , given the same message to be signed. This is a property specific to the key .Em type , and sometimes the agent used: . .Bl -bullet . .It .Tn RSA , Ed25519 and Ed448 keys are always suitable. .Tn OpenSSH Ns No 's .Xr ssh-agent 1 supports only these keys as suitable keys. . .It .Tn DSA and .Tn ECDSA keys are suitable if the .Tn SSH agent supports deterministic .Tn DSA signatures, e.g. by implementing .Tn RFC 6979 . .Tn PuTTY Ns No 's .Xr pageant 1 supports this, in addition to the always-suitable keys mentioned above. . .El . .Sh ENVIRONMENT . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Ev VISUAL , EDITOR .Nm derivepassphrase vault uses this editor to edit service notes when called with .Fl \-notes . .Ev VISUAL has higher precedence than .Ev EDITOR . . .It Ev DERIVEPASSPHRASE_PATH .Nm derivepassphrase stores its configuration files and data in this directory. Defaults to .Pa \(ti/.derivepassphrase . . .El . .Sh FILES . .Bl -tag -width ".Fl p , \-phrase" . .It Ev $DERIVEPASSPHRASE_PATH Ns Pa /vault.json The stored configuration for .Nm derivepassphrase vault : the default passphrase generation settings, the known service names, and the service-specific settings. This file is .Em not intended for the user to edit. . .El . .Sh SECURITY . .Bl -bullet . .It There is .Sy no way to retrieve the generated passphrases if the master passphrase, the SSH key, or the exact passphrase settings are lost, short of trying out all possible combinations. You are .Sy strongly advised to keep independent backups of the settings and the .Tn SSH key, if any. . .It The configuration is .Sy not encrypted, and you are .Sy strongly discouraged from using a stored passphrase. . .It You are .Sy strongly advised to avoid the .Pq shell script configuration export format if possible, and use the JSON format instead. If you .Em must use the shell script format, then .Sy always validate the export before attempting to interpret or run it. . .El . .Sh EXAMPLES . .Dl $ derivepassphrase vault \-\-phrase email .Pp Prompt for a master passphrase, then generate a standard passphrase .Pq length 20, no character or repetition constraints for the .Dq email service. .Pp . .Dl $ derivepassphrase vault \-\-key \-\-upper 9 \-\-lower 9 example.com .Pp . Select an .Tn SSH key from the available suitable .Tn SSH keys in the running .Tn SSH agent, then generate a passphrase for the .Li example.com service using the previously selected .Tn SSH key. The passphrase will have (standard) length 20, and at least nine characters will be uppercase characters and at least another nine characters will be lowercase characters. .Pp . .Dl $ derivepassphrase vault \-\-key \-\-upper 9 \-\-lower 9 \-\-number 9 example.com .Pp . Attempt to generate a passphrase as in the previous example. .Em This example will error out, because the passphrase constraints require at least 27 characters and the standard passphrase length 20 cannot accomodate this. .Pp . .Dl $ derivepassphrase vault \-\-key \-\-upper 9 \-\-lower 9 \-\-space 2 \-\-config .Pp . After selecting an .Tn SSH key, configure the default settings to use exactly nine uppercase characters, nine lowercase characters, and two spaces for each generated passphrase. (The specific service settings, or the command-line invocation, can still override these settings.) .Pp . .Dl $ derivepassphrase vault example.com .Pp . Because of the previous setting, the generated passphrase for the .Li example.com service will behave as if .Fl \-key \-upper Li 9 Fl \-lower Li 9 Fl \-space Li 2 had been specified during invocation (with the .Tn SSH key already having been selected). In particular, it is neither necessary to specify .Fl \-phrase No or Fl \-key nor is it necessary to actually select an .Tn SSH key or to type in a master passphrase. . .Sh DIAGNOSTICS . .Ex -std "derivepassphrase vault" .Pp . .Ss Fatal error messages on standard error . .Pq Li %s Ns No " indicates a variable part of the message." . .Bl -diag . .It %s is mutually exclusive with %s. The two indicated options must not be used at the same time. . .It %s requires a SERVICE or \-\-config. Using the indicated passphrase generation option requires the .Ar SERVICE argument or the .Fl \-config option. . .It %s requires a SERVICE. Using the indicated option requires the .Ar SERVICE argument. . .It %s does not take a SERVICE argument. The indicated option must not be specified together with the .Ar SERVICE argument. . .It Cannot load vault settings: %s. There was a fatal problem loading the stored vault configuration data. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It Cannot store vault settings: %s. There was a fatal problem saving the vault configuration data. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It Cannot import vault settings: %s. There was a fatal problem loading the imported vault configuration data. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It Cannot export vault settings: %s. There was a fatal problem saving the exported vault configuration data. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It Cannot load user config: %s. There was a fatal problem loading the central user configuration file. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It The user configuration file is invalid. (Exactly what it says.) . .It No usable SSH keys were found The running SSH agent does not contain any suitable SSH keys. . .It No valid SSH key selected We requested that an SSH key be selected, but we got an invalid selection. . .It The requested SSH key is not loaded into the agent. The running SSH agent does not contain the necessary SSH key. . .It Cannot find any running SSH agent because SSH_AUTH_SOCK is not set. We require a running SSH agent, but cannot locate its communication channel, which is normally indicated by the .Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable. . .It Cannot connect to an SSH agent because this Python version does not support UNIX domain sockets. This Python installation does not support the communication mechanism necessary to talk to SSH agents. . .It Cannot connect to the SSH agent: %s. We cannot connect to the SSH agent indicated by the .Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable. Further details are contained in the variable part of the message. . .It The SSH agent failed to or refused to supply a list of loaded keys. The SSH agent \(em while responsive in principle \(em did not fulfill the request. . .It "The SSH agent failed to or refused to" "issue a signature with the selected key," "necessary for deriving a service passphrase." The SSH agent \(em while responsive in principle \(em failed to cooperate with deriving a service passphrase from the selected master .Tn SSH key. . .It The SSH agent contains no keys suitable for derivepassphrase. . None of the keys loaded into the .Tn SSH agent (if any) are suitable for use with .Nm derivepassphrase vault . See the .Sx "SSH KEY SUITABILITY" section for the requirements the .Tn SSH key and the .Tn SSH agent must fulfill to be suitable. . .It Error communicating with the SSH agent There was a system error communicating with the SSH agent. . .It Cannot understand the SSH agent's response because it violates the communication protocol. . (Exactly what it says.) . .It Not saving any new notes: the user aborted the request. (Exactly what it says.) . .It Cannot update the %s settings without actual settings. Using .Fl \-config requires at least one of the .Fl \-phrase , \-key , \-length , No etc.\& options. . .It Attempted to unset and set %s at the same time. While handling .Fl \-config , the same configuration setting was passed as an option and as an argument to .Fl \-unset . . .It Generating a passphrase requires a SERVICE. (Exactly what it says.) . .It No passphrase or key was given in the configuration. .Nm derivepassphrase vault does not know whether to use a master SSH key or a master passphrase. . .It No passphrase was given: the user aborted the request. (Exactly what it says.) . .It No SSH key was selected: the user aborted the request. (Exactly what it says.) . .El .Pp . .Ss Non-fatal warning and info messages on standard error . .Pq Li %s Ns No " indicates a variable part of the message." . .Bl -diag . .It The %s passphrase is not %s-normalized. The indicated passphrase \(em as a Unicode string \(em is not properly normalized according to the preferred Unicode normalization form .Pq as specified in the central configuration file . It is therefore possible that the passphrase \(em as a byte string \(em is not the same byte string as you expect it to be .Pq even though it Em looks No correct , and that the derived passphrases thus do not match their expected values either. Please double-check. . .It An empty SERVICE is not supported by vault(1). .Xr vault 1 does not support the empty string as a value for .Ar SERVICE ; it will treat the .Ar SERVICE as missing. For compatibility, .Nm derivepassphrase vault will do the same. In particular, if the empty service is imported in a configuration via .Fl \-import , then this service cannot be accessed via the .Nm derivepassphrase vault command-line. . .It Replacing invalid value %s for key %s with %s. When importing a configuration, the indicated invalid value has been replaced with the indicated replacement value. .Pq The Do interpretation Dc of the configuration doesn't change . . .It Removing ineffective setting %s = %s. When importing a configuration, the indicated ineffective setting has been removed. .Pq The Do interpretation Dc of the configuration doesn't change . . .It "The service name %s" "contains an ASCII control character," "which is not supported" "by our shell completion code." Because of limitations in the shell completion code, this specific service name will not be available as a suggestion in tab completion. .Po This .Em only affects tab completion, not other functionality. .Pc . .It Setting a %s passphrase is ineffective because a key is also set. The configuration (global or key-specific) contains both a stored master passphrase and an SSH key. The master passphrase will not take effect. . .It A subcommand will be required in v1.0. .Bo Since v0.2.0, until v1.0. .Bc This command now requires a subcommand. For compatibility, it currently defaults to .Dq vault . . .It Using deprecated v0.1-style config file %s, instead of v0.2-style %s. .Bo Since v0.2.0, until v1.0. .Bc A configuration file has been renamed. .Nm derivepassphrase vault will attempt to rename the file itself .Pq Qq Li Successfully migrated to %s. , or complain if it cannot rename it .Pq Qq Li Failed to migrate to %s: %s . . .El . .Sh COMPATIBILITY . .Ss With other software . .Nm derivepassphrase vault is .Em almost drop-in compatible with James Coglan's .Xr vault 1 , version 0.3.0 .Pq including Do storeroom Dc support , meaning that each tool supports the same file formats and command-line arguments/options as the other one. .Pp . Exceptions: . .Bl -bullet . .It .Xr vault 1 does not support the .Sx "Compatibility and extension options" listed above. . .It .Nm derivepassphrase vault can import and generate configuration exports in the same format as .Xr vault 1 , but it cannot .Em natively read or write .Xr vault 1 .Ns 's configuration file .Pq non-storeroom or configuration directory .Pq storeroom . (The sister command .Xr derivepassphrase-export 1 can read both these formats and export the contents.) . .El . .Ss Forward and backward compatibility . .Bl -bullet . .It .Bo Since v0.2.0 . Bc In v1.0, the commands .Nm derivepassphrase and .Nm derivepassphrase export will require an explicit subcommand name. Both default to the subcommand .Ic vault . . .It .Bo Since v0.2.0 . Bc In v1.0, the configuration data file for the .Ic vault subcommand will be named .Pa vault.json , instead of .Pa config.json . . .It .Bo Since v0.2.0, to be removed in v1.0 . Bc An existing configuration data file .Pa config.json will be attempted to be renamed to .Pa vault.json . .El . .Sh SEE ALSO . .Xr derivepassphrase 1 , .Xr pageant 1 , .Xr ssh-agent 1 . .Rs .%A "James Coglan" .%T "vault(1)" .%U https://www.npmjs.com/package/vault .Re .Pp . Further online documentation for .Xr derivepassphrase 1 .Pq tutorials, how-tos, reference and design documentation is available at .Lk https://the13thletter.info/derivepassphrase/ . . .Sh AUTHOR . .Lk mailto:software@the13thletter.info "Marco Ricci" . .Sh BUGS . .Bl -bullet . .It The defaults are dictated by .Xr vault 1 , necessitating the .Sx Compatibility and extension options . .Pq WONTFIX. . .It The Windows version does not support .Tn SSH keys because Python on Windows does not support the predominant type of inter-process communication used by .Tn SSH agents on Windows. . .El .
