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abuse.html       1) <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
abuse.html       2) "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
abuse.html       3) 
abuse.html       4) <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
abuse.html       5) <head>
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faq-abuse.html   6)  <title>Abuse FAQ for Tor Server Operators</title>
faq-abuse.html   7)  <meta name="Author" content="Roger Dingledine" />
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faq-abuse.html   8)  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
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faq-abuse.html   9)  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" />
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faq-abuse.html  10)  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
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abuse.html      11) </head>
abuse.html      12) <body>
abuse.html      13) 
abuse.html      14) <!-- TITLE BAR & NAVIGATION -->
abuse.html      15) 
abuse.html      16) <table class="banner" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
abuse.html      17)     <tr>
abuse.html      18)         <td class="banner-left"></td>
abuse.html      19)         <td class="banner-middle">
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faq-abuse.html  20)             <a href="index.html">Home</a>
faq-abuse.html  21)           | <a href="howitworks.html">How It Works</a>
faq-abuse.html  22)           | <a href="download.html">Download</a>
faq-abuse.html  23)           | <a href="documentation.html">Docs</a>
faq-abuse.html  24)           | <a href="users.html">Users</a>
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faq-abuse.html  25)           | <a href="faq.html">FAQs</a>
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faq-abuse.html  26)           | <a href="volunteer.html">Volunteer</a>
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faq-abuse.html  27)           | <a href="developers.html">Developers</a>
faq-abuse.html  28)           | <a href="research.html">Research</a>
faq-abuse.html  29)           | <a href="people.html">People</a>
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abuse.html      30)         </td>
abuse.html      31)         <td class="banner-right"></td>
abuse.html      32)     </tr>
abuse.html      33) </table>
abuse.html      34) 
abuse.html      35) <!-- END TITLE BAR & NAVIGATION -->
abuse.html      36) 
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faq-abuse.html  37) <div class="center">
faq-abuse.html  38) 
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abuse.html      39) <div class="main-column">
abuse.html      40) 
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faq-abuse.html  41) <!-- PUT CONTENT AFTER THIS TAG -->
faq-abuse.html  42) 
faq-abuse.html  43) <h2>Abuse FAQ for Tor Server Operators</h2>
faq-abuse.html  44) <hr />
faq-abuse.html  45) 
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faq-abuse.html  46) <a id="WhatAboutCriminals"></a>
faq-abuse.html  47) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhatAboutCriminals">Doesn't Tor enable criminals to do bad things?</a></h3>
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abuse.html      48) 
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faq-abuse.html  49) <p>Criminals can already do bad things. Since they're willing to
faq-abuse.html  50) break laws, they already have lots of options available that provide
faq-abuse.html  51) <em>better</em> privacy than Tor provides. They can steal cell phones,
faq-abuse.html  52) use them, and throw them in a ditch; they can crack into computers
faq-abuse.html  53) in Korea or Brazil and use them to launch abusive activities; they
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faq-abuse.html  54) can use spyware, viruses, and other techniques to take control of
faq-abuse.html  55) literally millions of Windows machines around the world. </p>
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faq-abuse.html  57) <p>Tor aims to provide protection for ordinary people who want to follow
faq-abuse.html  58) the law. Only criminals have privacy right now; we need to fix that. </p>
faq-abuse.html  59) 
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faq-abuse.html  60) <p>Some advocates of anonymity explain that it's just a tradeoff ---
faq-abuse.html  61) accepting the bad uses for the good ones --- but we don't think that's
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faq-abuse.html  62) how it works in the case of Tor.
faq-abuse.html  63) Criminals and other bad people have the motivation to learn how to
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faq-abuse.html  64) get good anonymity, and many have the motivation to pay well to achieve
faq-abuse.html  65) it. Being able to steal and reuse the identities of innocent victims
faq-abuse.html  66) (identify theft) makes it even easier. Normal people, on the other hand,
faq-abuse.html  67) don't typically have the time or money to spend figuring out how to get
faq-abuse.html  68) privacy online. This is the worst of all possible worlds. </p>
faq-abuse.html  69) 
faq-abuse.html  70) <p>So yes, criminals could in theory use Tor, but they already have
faq-abuse.html  71) better options, and it seems unlikely that taking Tor away from the
faq-abuse.html  72) world will stop them from doing their bad things. At the same time, Tor
faq-abuse.html  73) and other privacy measures can <em>fight</em> identity theft, physical
faq-abuse.html  74) crimes like stalking, and so on. </p>
faq-abuse.html  75) 
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faq-abuse.html  76) <a id="DDoS"></a>
faq-abuse.html  77) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#DDoS">What about distributed denial of service attacks?</a></h3>
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abuse.html      78) 
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faq-abuse.html  79) <p>Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks typically rely on having a group
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faq-abuse.html  80) of thousands of computers all sending floods of traffic to a victim. Since
faq-abuse.html  81) the goal is to overpower the bandwidth of the victim, they typically send
faq-abuse.html  82) UDP packets since those don't require handshakes or coordination. </p>
faq-abuse.html  83) 
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faq-abuse.html  84) <p>But because Tor only transports correctly formed TCP streams, not
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faq-abuse.html  85) all IP packets, you cannot send UDP packets over Tor. (You can't do
faq-abuse.html  86) specialized forms of this attack like SYN flooding either.) So ordinary
faq-abuse.html  87) DDoS attacks are not possible over Tor. Tor also doesn't allow bandwidth
faq-abuse.html  88) amplification attacks against external sites: you need to send in a byte
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faq-abuse.html  89) for every byte that the Tor network will send to your destination. So
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faq-abuse.html  90) in general, attackers who control enough bandwidth to launch an effective
faq-abuse.html  91) DDoS attack can do it just fine without Tor. </p>
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faq-abuse.html  93) <a id="WhatAboutSpammers"></a>
faq-abuse.html  94) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhatAboutSpammers">What about spammers?</a></h3>
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abuse.html      95) 
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faq-abuse.html  96) <p>The simple answer: The default Tor exit policy rejects all outgoing
faq-abuse.html  97) port 25 (SMTP) traffic. So sending spam mail through Tor isn't going to
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faq-abuse.html  98) work by default. It's possible that some server operators will enable
faq-abuse.html  99) port 25 on their particular exit node, in which case that computer will
faq-abuse.html 100) allow outgoing mails; but that individual could just set up an open mail
faq-abuse.html 101) relay too, independent of Tor. In short, Tor isn't useful for spammers,
faq-abuse.html 102) because nearly all Tor servers refuse to deliver their mail. </p>
faq-abuse.html 103) 
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faq-abuse.html 104) <p>Of course, it's not all about delivering the mail. Spammers can use
faq-abuse.html 105) Tor to connect to open HTTP proxies (and from there to SMTP servers),
faq-abuse.html 106) to connect to badly written mail-sending CGI scripts, and to control
faq-abuse.html 107) their botnets.
faq-abuse.html 108) </p>
faq-abuse.html 109) 
faq-abuse.html 110) <p>The better answer: Spammers are already doing great without Tor. They
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faq-abuse.html 111) have armies of compromised computers that do their spamming. The added
faq-abuse.html 112) complexity of getting new software installed and configured, and doing
faq-abuse.html 113) Tor's public key operations, etc, makes it not economically worthwhile
faq-abuse.html 114) for them to use Tor. </p>
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faq-abuse.html 116) <a id="ExitPolicies"></a>
faq-abuse.html 117) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ExitPolicies">How do Tor exit policies work?</a></h3>
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abuse.html     118) 
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faq-abuse.html 119) <p>Each Tor server has an exit policy that specifies what sort of
faq-abuse.html 120) outbound connections are allowed or refused from that server. The exit
faq-abuse.html 121) policies are propagated to the client via the directory, so clients
faq-abuse.html 122) will automatically avoid picking exit nodes that would refuse to exit
faq-abuse.html 123) to their intended destination. </p>
faq-abuse.html 124) 
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faq-abuse.html 125) <p>This way each server can decide the services, hosts, and networks
faq-abuse.html 126) he wants to allow connections to, based on abuse potential and his own
faq-abuse.html 127) situation. </p>
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faq-abuse.html 129) <a id="HowMuchAbuse"></a>
faq-abuse.html 130) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#HowMuchAbuse">Does Tor get much abuse?</a></h3>
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abuse.html     131) 
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faq-abuse.html 132) <p>Not much, in the grand scheme of things. We've been running the network
faq-abuse.html 133) since October 2003, and it's only generated a handful of complaints. Of
faq-abuse.html 134) course, like all privacy-oriented networks on the net, we attract our
faq-abuse.html 135) share of jerks. Tor's exit policies help separate the role of "willing
faq-abuse.html 136) to donate resources to the network" from the role of "willing to deal
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faq-abuse.html 137) with exit abuse complaints," so we hope our network is more sustainable
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faq-abuse.html 138) than past attempts at anonymity networks. </p>
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abuse.html     139) 
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faq-abuse.html 140) <p>Since Tor has <a
faq-abuse.html 141) href="http://tor.eff.org/cvs/tor/doc/tor-doc.html">many good uses as
faq-abuse.html 142) well</a>, we feel that we're doing pretty well at striking a balance
faq-abuse.html 143) currently. </p>
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faq-abuse.html 145) <a id="TypicalAbuses"></a>
faq-abuse.html 146) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TypicalAbuses">So what should I expect if I run a server?</a></h3>
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abuse.html     147) 
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faq-abuse.html 148) <p>If you run a Tor server that allows exit connections (such as the
faq-abuse.html 149) default exit policy), it's probably safe to say that you will eventually
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faq-abuse.html 150) hear from somebody. Abuse
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faq-abuse.html 151) complaints may come in a variety of forms. For example: </p>
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abuse.html     152) <ul>
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faq-abuse.html 153) <li>Somebody connects to Hotmail, and sends a ransom note to a
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faq-abuse.html 154) company. The
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faq-abuse.html 155) FBI sends you a polite email, you explain that you run a Tor server,
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faq-abuse.html 156) and they say "oh well" and leave you alone. [Port 80]</li>
faq-abuse.html 157) <li>Somebody tries to get you shut down by using Tor to connect to Google
faq-abuse.html 158) groups and post spam to Usenet, and then sends an angry mail to
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faq-abuse.html 159) your ISP about how you're destroying the world. [Port 80]</li>
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faq-abuse.html 160) <li>Somebody connects to an IRC network and makes a nuisance of
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faq-abuse.html 161) himself. Your ISP gets polite mail about how your computer has been
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faq-abuse.html 162) compromised; and/or your computer gets DDoSed. [Port 6667]</li>
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faq-abuse.html 163) <li>Somebody uses Tor to download a Vin Diesel movie, and
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faq-abuse.html 164) your ISP gets a DMCA takedown notice. See EFF's <a
faq-abuse.html 165) href="http://tor.eff.org/eff/tor-dmca-response.html">Tor DMCA Response
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faq-abuse.html 166) Template</a>, which explains to your ISP why it can probably ignore
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faq-abuse.html 167) the notice without any liability. [Arbitrary ports]</li>
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abuse.html     168) </ul>
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faq-abuse.html 169) 
faq-abuse.html 170) <p>You might also find that your Tor server's IP is blocked from accessing
faq-abuse.html 171) some Internet sites/services. This might happen regardless of your exit
faq-abuse.html 172) policy, because some groups don't seem to know or care that Tor has
faq-abuse.html 173) exit policies. (If you have a spare IP not used for other activities,
faq-abuse.html 174) you might consider running your Tor server on it.) For example, </p>
faq-abuse.html 175) 
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abuse.html     176) <ul>
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faq-abuse.html 177) <li>Because of a few cases of anonymous jerks messing with its web
faq-abuse.html 178) pages, Wikipedia is currently blocking many Tor server IPs from writing
faq-abuse.html 179) (reading still works). We're talking to Wikipedia about how they might
faq-abuse.html 180) control abuse while still providing access to anonymous contributors,
faq-abuse.html 181) who often have hot news or inside info on a topic but don't want to risk
faq-abuse.html 182) revealing their identities when publishing it (or don't want to reveal
faq-abuse.html 183) to local observers that they're accessing Wikipedia). Slashdot is also
faq-abuse.html 184) in the same boat.</li>
faq-abuse.html 185) <li>SORBS is putting some Tor server IPs on their email
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faq-abuse.html 186) blacklist as well. They do this because they passively detect whether your
faq-abuse.html 187) server connects to certain IRC networks, and they conclude from this that
faq-abuse.html 188) your server is capable of spamming. We're working with them to teach them
faq-abuse.html 189) that not all software works this way. Until then, we recommend you avoid
faq-abuse.html 190) them, and teach your friends (if they use them) to avoid them too.</li>
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abuse.html     191) </ul>
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faq-abuse.html 193) <a id="IrcBans"></a>
faq-abuse.html 194) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#IrcBans">Tor is banned from the IRC network I want to use.</a></h3>
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faq-abuse.html 196) <p>Sometimes jerks make use of Tor to troll IRC channels. This abuse
faq-abuse.html 197) results in IP-specific temporary bans ("klines" in IRC lingo), as the
faq-abuse.html 198) network operators try to keep the troll off of their network. </p>
faq-abuse.html 199) 
faq-abuse.html 200) <p>This response underscores a fundamental flaw in IRC's security model:
faq-abuse.html 201) they assume that IP addresses equate to humans, and by banning the
faq-abuse.html 202) IP address they can ban the human. In reality this is not the case --
faq-abuse.html 203) many such trolls routinely make use of the literally millions of open
faq-abuse.html 204) proxies and compromised computers around the Internet. The IRC networks
faq-abuse.html 205) are fighting a losing battle of trying to block all these nodes,
faq-abuse.html 206) and an entire cottage industry of blacklists and counter-trolls has
faq-abuse.html 207) sprung up based on this flawed security model (not unlike the antivirus
faq-abuse.html 208) industry). The Tor network is just a drop in the bucket here. </p>
faq-abuse.html 209) 
faq-abuse.html 210) <p>On the other hand, from the viewpoint of IRC server operators, security
faq-abuse.html 211) is not an all-or-nothing thing.  By responding quickly to trolls or
faq-abuse.html 212) any other social attack, it may be possible to make the attack scenario
faq-abuse.html 213) less attractive to the attacker.  And most individual IP addresses do
faq-abuse.html 214) equate to individual humans, on any given IRC network at any given time.
faq-abuse.html 215) The exceptions include NAT gateways which may be allocated access as
faq-abuse.html 216) special cases. While it's a losing battle to try to stop the use of open
faq-abuse.html 217) proxies, it's not generally a losing battle to keep klining a single
faq-abuse.html 218) ill-behaved IRC user until that user gets bored and goes away. </p>
faq-abuse.html 219) 
faq-abuse.html 220) <p>But the real answer is to implement application-level auth systems,
faq-abuse.html 221) to let in well-behaving users and keep out badly-behaving users. This
faq-abuse.html 222) needs to be based on some property of the human (such as a password he
faq-abuse.html 223) knows), not some property of the way his packets are transported. </p>
faq-abuse.html 224) 
faq-abuse.html 225) <p>Of course, not all IRC networks are trying to ban Tor nodes. After
faq-abuse.html 226) all, quite a few people use Tor to IRC in privacy in order to carry
faq-abuse.html 227) on legitimate communications without tying them to their real-world
faq-abuse.html 228) identity. Each IRC network needs to decide for itself if blocking a few
faq-abuse.html 229) more of the millions of IPs that bad people can use is worth losing the
faq-abuse.html 230) contributions from the well-behaved Tor users. </p>
faq-abuse.html 231) 
faq-abuse.html 232) <p>If you're being blocked, have a discussion with the network operators
faq-abuse.html 233) and explain the issues to them. They may not be aware of the existence of
faq-abuse.html 234) Tor at all, or they may not be aware that the hostnames they're klining
faq-abuse.html 235) are Tor exit nodes.  If you explain the problem, and they conclude that
faq-abuse.html 236) Tor ought to be blocked, you may want to consider moving to a network that
faq-abuse.html 237) is more open to free speech.  Maybe inviting them to #tor on irc.oftc.net
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faq-abuse.html 238) will help show them that we are not all evil people. </p>
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faq-abuse.html 239) 
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faq-abuse.html 240) <p>Finally, if you become aware of an IRC network that seems to be
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faq-abuse.html 241) blocking Tor, or a single Tor exit node, please put that information on <a
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faq-abuse.html 242) href="http://wiki.noreply.org/wiki/TheOnionRouter/BlockingIrc">The Tor
faq-abuse.html 243) IRC block tracker</a>
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faq-abuse.html 244) so that others can share.  At least one IRC network consults that page
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faq-abuse.html 245) to unblock exit nodes that have been blocked inadvertently. </p>
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faq-abuse.html 247) <a id="SMTPBans"></a>
faq-abuse.html 248) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#SMTPBans">Your nodes are banned from the mail server I want to use.</a></h3>
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abuse.html     249) 
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faq-abuse.html 250) <p>Even though <a href="#WhatAboutSpammers">Tor isn't useful for
faq-abuse.html 251) spamming</a>, some over-zealous blacklisters seem to think that all
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faq-abuse.html 252) open networks like Tor are evil --- they attempt to strong-arm network
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faq-abuse.html 253) administrators on policy, service, and routing issues, and then extract
Roger Dingledine revise the abuse faq based...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 254) ransoms from victims. </p>
faq-abuse.html 255) 
faq-abuse.html 256) <p>If your server administrators decide to make use of these
Roger Dingledine clean up faq-abuse page; ad...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 257) blacklists to refuse incoming mail, you should have a conversation with
Roger Dingledine revise the abuse faq based...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 258) them and explain about Tor and Tor's exit policies. </p>
Andrew Lewman First draft of an abuse page.

Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

abuse.html     259) 
Thomas Sjögren added the rest of the ancho...

Thomas Sjögren authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 260) <a id="Bans"></a>
faq-abuse.html 261) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Bans">I want to ban the Tor network from my service.</a></h3>
Andrew Lewman First draft of an abuse page.

Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

abuse.html     262) 
Roger Dingledine clean up faq-abuse page; ad...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 263) <p>First, ask yourself if there's a way to do application-level decisions
faq-abuse.html 264) to separate the legitimate users from the jerks. For example, you might
faq-abuse.html 265) have certain areas of the site, or certain privileges like posting,
faq-abuse.html 266) available only to people who are registered. You could set up this
faq-abuse.html 267) distinction only for certain IP addresses such as Tor exit nodes. This
faq-abuse.html 268) way you can have multi-tiered access and not have to ban everything. </p>
faq-abuse.html 269) 
faq-abuse.html 270) <p>Second, consider that thousands of people use Tor every day to protect
faq-abuse.html 271) against data-gathering corporations like Doubleclick while going about
faq-abuse.html 272) their normal  activities. Some Tor users may be legitimately connecting
faq-abuse.html 273) to your service right now to carry on normal activities. You need to
faq-abuse.html 274) decide whether banning the Tor network is worth losing the contributions
faq-abuse.html 275) of these users, as well as potential future such users. </p>
faq-abuse.html 276) 
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Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 277) <p>At this point, you should also ask yourself what you do about other
faq-abuse.html 278) services that aggregate many users behind a few IP addresses. Tor is
faq-abuse.html 279) not so different from AOL in this respect.</p>
faq-abuse.html 280) 
Roger Dingledine clean up faq-abuse page; ad...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 281) <p>Lastly, please remember that Tor servers have individual exit
faq-abuse.html 282) policies. Many Tor servers do not allow exiting connections at
Roger Dingledine clean up more abuse faq ans...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 283) all. Many of those that do allow some exit connections probably already
faq-abuse.html 284) disallow connections to
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Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 285) your service. When you go about banning nodes, you should parse the
faq-abuse.html 286) exit policies and only block the ones that allow these connections;
faq-abuse.html 287) and you should keep in mind that exit policies can change (as well as
faq-abuse.html 288) the overall list of nodes in the network). </p>
faq-abuse.html 289) 
faq-abuse.html 290) <p>If you really want to do this, there is a
faq-abuse.html 291) python script to parse the Tor directory <a
faq-abuse.html 292) href="http://tor.eff.org/cvs/tor/contrib/exitlist">here</a>. </p>
faq-abuse.html 293) 
Thomas Sjögren added the rest of the ancho...

Thomas Sjögren authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 294) <a id="LegalQuestions"></a>
faq-abuse.html 295) <h3><a class="anchor" href="#LegalQuestions">I have legal questions about Tor abuse.</a></h3>
Andrew Lewman First draft of an abuse page.

Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

abuse.html     296) 
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Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 297) <p>We're only the developers. We can answer technical questions, but
faq-abuse.html 298) we're not the ones to talk to about legal questions or concerns. </p>
faq-abuse.html 299) 
faq-abuse.html 300) <p>Please take a look at the <a
faq-abuse.html 301) href="http://tor.eff.org//eff/tor-legal-faq.html">Tor Legal FAQ</a>,
Roger Dingledine clean up more abuse faq ans...

Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 302) and contact EFF directly if you have any further legal questions. </p>
Andrew Lewman First draft of an abuse page.

Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

abuse.html     303) 
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Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 304)   </div><!-- #main -->
faq-abuse.html 305)   </div>
faq-abuse.html 306)     <div class="bottom" id="bottom">
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Roger Dingledine authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 307)       <i><a href="mailto:tor-webmaster@freehaven.net" class="smalllink">Webmaster</a></i> - $Id$
Andrew Lewman Updated faq-abuse.html to m...

Andrew Lewman authored 19 years ago

faq-abuse.html 308)     </div>