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1) ## translation metadata
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2) # Revision: $Revision$
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3) # Translation-Priority: 3-low
4) 
5) #include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor Project: Debian/Ubuntu Instructions" CHARSET="UTF-8"
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6) {#meta#:
7) <script type="text/javascript" src="debian-selector.js"></script>
8) :#meta#}
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9) 
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10) <div id="content" class="clearfix">
11)   <div id="breadcrumbs">
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12)     <a href="<page index>">Home &raquo; </a>
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13)     <a href="<page docs/documentation>">Documentation &raquo; </a>
14)     <a href="<page docs/debian>">Debian/Ubuntu Instructions</a>
15)   </div>
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16)   <div id="maincol">
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17) <a id="debian"></a>
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18) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#debian">Option one: Tor on Debian Stretch -
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19) stable, Debian Buster - testing, or Debian Sid - unstable</a></h2>
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20) <br />
21) 
22) <p>
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23) If you're using Debian, just run as root:
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24) <blockquote><pre># apt install tor</pre></blockquote>
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25) </p>
26) 
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27) <p>Debian provides the
28) <a href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/tor">LTS</a>
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29) version of Tor. Note that this might not always give you the latest stable
30) Tor version, but you will receive important security fixes. To make sure
31) that you're running the latest stable version of Tor, see option two below.
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32) </p>
33) 
34) <p>
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35) When Tor is installed and running move on to
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36) <a href="<page docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the
37) "<a href="<page docs/tor-doc-unix>">Tor on Linux/Unix</a>" instructions.
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38) </p>
39) 
40) <hr />
41) 
42) <a id="ubuntu"></a>
43) <a id="packages"></a>
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44) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#ubuntu">Option two: Tor on Ubuntu or
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45) Debian</a></h2>
46) 
47) <p>
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48) <b>Do not use the packages in Ubuntu's universe.</b> In the past they have
49) not reliably been updated. That means you could be missing stability
50) and security fixes.
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51) </p>
52) 
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53) <p>
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54) <b>Raspbian is not Debian.</b> Tor might run fine on the Raspberry Pi 2 / 3
55) but not the first generation Pi.
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56) These packages might be confusingly broken for Raspbian users, since Raspbian
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57) called their architecture armhf but Debian already has an armhf. See <a
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58) href="http://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/242/how-to-run-tor-on-raspbian-on-the-raspberry-pi">this
59) post</a> for details.
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60) </p>
61) 
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62) <p>
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63) <b>Admin access</b>:
64) To install Tor you need root privileges. Below all commands that need to be run
65) as root user like apt and dpkg are prepended with '&num;',
66) while commands to be run as user with '$' resembling the standard
67) prompt in a terminal. To open a root terminal you have several options:
68) <code>sudo su</code>, or <code>sudo -i</code>,  or <code>su -i</code>.
69) Note that sudo asks for your user password, while su expects
70) the root password of your system.
71) </p>
72) 
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73) <p>
74) <b>GPG</b>:
75) <a href="https://gnupg.org/">GNU Privacy Guard</a> version 2.1 is needed for
76) this guide. If you are using an older version, consider upgrading to gnupg2
77) or replace 'gpg2' below with <code>gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net</code>
78) since the keyserver option was mandatory for older versions.
79) </p>
80) 
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81) <p>
82) <b>apt-transport-tor</b>:
83) To use source lines with <tt>https://</tt> in <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> the
84) <a href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/apt-transport-https">apt-transport-https package</a>
85) is required. Install it with
86) <blockquote><pre>
87) &num; apt install apt-transport-https
88) </pre></blockquote>
89) to enable all package managers using the libapt-pkg library to access metadata
90) and packages available in sources accessible over https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).
91) </p>
92) 
93) <p>
94) <b>sources.list</b>:
95) You'll need to set up our package repository before you can fetch Tor. First,
96) you need to figure out the name of your distribution. A quick command to run is
97) <tt>lsb_release -c</tt> or <tt>cat /etc/debian_version</tt>.
98) If in doubt about your Debian version, check
99) <a href="https://www.debian.org/releases/">the Debian website</a>.
100) For Ubuntu, ask
101) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases#Table_of_versions">Wikipedia</a>.
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102) </p>
103) 
104) <div id="selector" style="display: none;">
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105) <blockquote>I run
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106) <select id="distrib">
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107) <option value="jessie">Debian oldstable (jessie)</option>
108) <option value="stretch" selected="selected">Debian stable (stretch)</option>
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109) <option value="buster">Debian testing (buster)</option>
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110) <option value="sid">Debian unstable (sid)</option>
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111) <option value="trusty">Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)</option>
112) <option value="xenial">Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)</option>
113) <option value="artful">Ubuntu Artful Aardvark (17.10)</option>
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114) <option value="bionic">Ubuntu Bionic Beaver (18.04 LTS)</option>
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115) <option value="cosmic">Ubuntu Cosmic Cuttlefish (18.10)</option>
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116) </select>
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117) and want
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118) <select id="package"></select>
119) <select id="version"></select>
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120) </blockquote>
121) 
122) <div id="apt-source">
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123) <p>
124) You need to add the following entries to <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>
125) or a new file in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code>:
126) </p>
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127) 
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128) <blockquote><pre id="sources">
129) deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jessie main
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130) </pre></blockquote>
131) </div>
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132) 
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133) <div id="sig">
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134) <p>Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following
135) commands at your command prompt:
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136) <blockquote><pre>
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137) &num; gpg2 --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89
138) &num; gpg2 --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | apt-key add -
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139) </pre></blockquote></p>
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140) </div>
141) 
142) <div id="apt-get">
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143) <p>We provide a Debian package to help you keep our signing key current. It is
144) recommended you use it. Install it with the following commands:</p>
145) <blockquote><pre>&num; apt update
146) <span id="regular-install">&num; apt install <span id="apt-package">tor</span> deb.torproject.org-keyring</span>
147) <span id="source-install">&num; apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
148) &num; apt build-dep tor deb.torproject.org-keyring
149) </span>
150) </pre></blockquote>
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151) 
152) <div id="source-install2">
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153) <p>Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:</p>
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154) <blockquote><pre>
155) $ mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages
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156) $ apt source tor
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157) $ cd tor-*
158) $ debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
159) $ cd ..
160) </pre></blockquote>
161) <p>Now you can install the new package:</p>
162) <blockquote><pre>
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163) &num; dpkg -i tor_*.deb
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164) </pre></blockquote>
165) </div>
166) </div>
167) </div>
168) 
169) <noscript>
170) <p>
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171) Then add this line to your <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> file:<br />
172) <blockquote><pre>
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173) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
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174) </pre></blockquote>
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175) where you put the codename of your distribution (i.e. stretch, buster, sid
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176) or whatever it is) in place of &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt;.
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177) </p>
178) 
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179) <p>
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180) If you want to use the
181) <a href="<page download/download-unix>#packagediff">development branch</a>
182) of Tor instead (more features and more bugs), you need add a different set of
183) lines to your <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> file:<br />
184) <blockquote><pre>
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185) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
186) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
187) </pre></blockquote>
188) </p>
189) 
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190) <p>
191) Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following
192) commands at your command prompt:
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193) <blockquote><pre>
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194) &num; gpg2 --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89
195) &num; gpg2 --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | apt-key add -
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196) </pre></blockquote>
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197) Now refresh your sources, running the following command (as root) at your
198) command prompt:
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199) <blockquote><pre>
200) &num; apt update
201) </pre></blockquote>
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202) If there are no errors you're good to continue.
203) </p>
204) 
205) <p>
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206) We provide a Debian package to help you keep our signing key current. It is
207) recommended you use it. Install it together with tor:
208) <blockquote><pre>
209) &num; apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring
210) </pre></blockquote>
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211) </p>
212) 
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213) </noscript>
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214) <noscript>
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215) 
216) <hr />
217) 
218) <a id="source"></a>
219) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#source">Building from source</a></h2>
220) 
221) <p>
222) If you want to build your own debs from source you must first add an
223) appropriate <tt>deb-src</tt> line to <tt>sources.list</tt>.
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224) </p>
225) <blockquote><pre>
226) &num; For the stable version.
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227) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
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228) 
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229) &num; For the unstable version.
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230) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
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231) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
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232) </pre></blockquote>
233) <p>
234) Substitute the name of your distro (stretch, buster, sid, xenial, ...) in
235) place of &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt;. Now refresh your sources by running (as root):
236) </p>
237) <blockquote><pre>
238) &num; apt update
239) </pre></blockquote>
240) <p>
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241) You also need to install the necessary packages to build your own debs and the
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242) packages needed to build Tor:
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243) </p>
244) <blockquote><pre>
245) &num; apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
246) &num; apt build-dep tor
247) </pre></blockquote>
248) <p>
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249) Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:
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250) </p>
251) <blockquote><pre>
252) $ mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages
253) $ apt source tor
254) $ cd tor-*
255) $ debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
256) $ cd ..
257) </pre></blockquote>
258) <p>
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259) Now you can install the new package:
260) </p>
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261) <blockquote><pre>
262) &num; dpkg -i tor_*.deb
263) </pre></blockquote>
264) 
265) </noscript>
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266) 
267) <p>
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268) Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to
269) <a href="<page docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the
270) "Tor on Linux/Unix" instructions.
271) </p>
272) 
273) <p style="font-size: small">
274) The DNS name <code>deb.torproject.org</code> is actually a set of independent
275) servers in a DNS round robin configuration. If you for some reason cannot
276) access it you might try to use the name of one of its part instead. Try
277) <code>deb-master.torproject.org</code>,
278) <code>mirror.netcologne.de</code> or
279) <code>tor.mirror.youam.de</code>.
280) </p>
281) 
282) <hr />
283) 
284) <a id="apt-over-tor"></a>
285) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#apt-over-tor">Use Apt over Tor</a></h2>
286) 
287) <p>
288) <code>deb.torproject.org</code> is also served through via an onion service:
289) <a href="http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion">http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/</a>
290) </p>
291) 
292) <p>
293) To use Apt with Tor the according apt transport needs to be installed:
294) </p>
295) <blockquote><pre>
296) &num; apt install apt-transport-tor
297) </pre></blockquote>
298) 
299) <p>
300) Then replace the address in the lines added before with, for example:
301) </p>
302) <blockquote><pre>
303) &num; For the stable version.
304) deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
305) 
306) &num; For the unstable version.
307) deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org tor-nightly-master-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
308) </pre></blockquote>
309) <p>
310) Now refresh your sources and try if it's still possible to install tor:
311) </p>
312) <blockquote><pre>
313) &num; apt update
314) &num; apt install tor
315) </pre></blockquote>
316) <p>
317) See <a href="https://onion.torproject.org/">onion.torproject.org</a>
318) for all torproject.org onion addresses.</p>
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319) </p>
320) 
321) <!-- END MAIN COL -->
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322)   </div>
323)   <div id = "sidecol">
324) #include "side.wmi"
325) #include "info.wmi"
326)   </div>
327)   <!-- END SIDECOL -->
328) </div>
329) <!-- END CONTENT -->