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tor-doc-relay.wml

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#include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor: Relay Configuration Instructions"

<h1>Configuring a Tor relay</h1>

<div class="sidebar-left">
<h3>Config Steps</h3>
<ol>
<li><a href="<page docs/tor-doc-relay>#install">Download &amp; Install</a></li>
<li><a href="<page docs/tor-doc-relay>#setup">Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="<page docs/tor-doc-relay>#check">Check &amp; Confirm</a></li>
<li><a href="<page docs/tor-doc-relay>#after">Final Steps</a></li>
</ol>
</div>

<hr />

<p>
The Tor network relies on volunteers to donate bandwidth. The more
people who run relays, the faster the Tor network will be. If you have
at least 20 kilobytes/s each way, please help out Tor by configuring your
Tor to be a relay too. We have many features that make Tor relays easy
and convenient, including <a href="<page faq>#RelayFlexible">rate limiting
for bandwidth, exit policies so you can limit your exposure to abuse
complaints, and support for dynamic IP addresses</a>.
</p>

<p>Having relays in many different places on the Internet is what
makes Tor users secure. <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#RelayAnonymity">You
may also get stronger anonymity yourself</a>,
since remote sites can't know whether connections originated at your
computer or were relayed from others.</p>

<p>You can run a Tor relay on
pretty much any operating system, but see <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#RelayOS">this
FAQ entry</a> for advice about which ones work best and other problems
you might encounter.</p>

<hr />
<a id="zero"></a>
<a id="install"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#install">Step One: Download and Install Tor</a></h2>
<br />

<p>Before you start, you need to make sure that Tor is up and running.
</p>

<p>Visit our <a href="<page easy-download>">download page</a> and
install the "Installation Bundle" for your OS.
</p>

<p>If it's convenient, you might also want to use it as a client for a
while to make sure it's actually working.</p>

<hr />
<a id="setup"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#setup">Step Two: Set it up as a relay</a></h2>
<br />
<ol>
<li>Verify that your clock and timezone are set
correctly. If possible, synchronize your clock with public <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol">time
servers</a>.
</li>

<li> <strong>Windows / OS X Configuration</strong>:
<ol>
<li>Right click on the Vidalia icon in your task bar.  Choose <tt>Control Panel</tt>.</li>
<li>Click <tt>Setup Relaying</tt>.</li>
<li>Choose <tt>Relay Traffic for the Tor network</tt> if you want to be
a public relay (recommended), or choose <tt>Help censored users reach the
Tor network</tt> if you want to be a <a href="<page
faq>#RelayOrBridge">bridge</a>
for users in countries that censor their Internet.</li>
<li>Enter a nickname for your relay, and enter contact information in
case we need to contact you about problems.</li>
<li>Leave <tt>Attempt to automatically configure port forwarding</tt> clicked.
Push the <tt>Test</tt> button to see if it works.  If it does work, great.
If not, see number 3 below.</li>
<li>Choose the <tt>Bandwidth Limits</tt> tab.  Select how much bandwidth you want to provide for Tor users like yourself.</li>
<li>Choose the <tt>Exit Policies</tt> tab.  If you want to allow others
to use your relay for these services, don't change anything.  Un-check
the services you don't want to allow people to <a href="<page
faq>#ExitPolicies">reach from your relay</a>.
If you want to be a non-exit relay, un-check all services.</li>
<li>Click the <tt>Ok</tt> button.  See Step Three below for confirmation
that the relay is working correctly.</li>
</ol>

<br />
<strong>Linux / Unix Configuration</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Edit the bottom part of <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#torrc">your
torrc file</a>. If you want to be a public relay (recommended),
make sure to define ORPort and <a href="<page
faq>#ExitPolicies">look at ExitPolicy</a>; otherwise
if you want to be a <a href="<page faq>#RelayOrBridge">bridge</a>
for users in countries that censor their Internet,
just use <a href="<page bridges>#RunningABridge">these lines</a>.
</li>

</ul></li>

<li>If you are using a firewall, open a hole in your firewall
so incoming connections can reach the ports you configured
(ORPort, plus DirPort if you enabled it). If you have a
hardware firewall (Linksys box, cablemodem, etc) you might like <a
href="http://portforward.com/">portforward.com</a>. Also, make sure you
allow all <em>outgoing</em> connections too, so your relay can reach the
other Tor relays.
</li>

<li>Restart your relay. If it <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#Logs">logs
any warnings</a>, address them.
</li>

<li>Subscribe to the <a
href="http://archives.seul.org/or/announce/">or-announce</a>
mailing list. It is very low volume, and it will keep you informed
of new stable releases. You might also consider subscribing to <a
href="<page documentation>#MailingLists">the higher-volume Tor lists</a>
too.
</li>

</ol>

<hr />
<a id="check"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#check">Step Three: Make sure it is working</a></h2>
<br />

<p>As soon as your relay manages to connect to the network, it will
try to determine whether the ports you configured are reachable from
the outside. This step is usually fast, but may take up to 20
minutes. Look for a
<a href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#Logs">log
entry</a> like
<tt>Self-testing indicates your ORPort is reachable from the outside. Excellent.</tt>
If you don't see this message, it means that your relay is not reachable
from the outside &mdash; you should re-check your firewalls, check that it's
testing the IP and port you think it should be testing, etc.
</p>

<p>When it decides that it's reachable, it will upload a "server
descriptor" to the directories, to let clients know
what address, ports, keys, etc your relay is using. You can <a
href="http://moria.seul.org:9032/tor/status/authority">load one of
the network statuses manually</a> and
look through it to find the nickname you configured, to make sure it's
there. You may need to wait a few seconds to give enough time for it to
make a fresh directory.</p>

<hr />
<a id="after"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#after">Step Four: Once it is working</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
We recommend the following steps as well:
</p>

<p>
6. Read
<a href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/OperationalSecurity">about operational security</a>
to get ideas how you can increase the security of your relay.
</p>

<p>
7. If you want to run more than one relay that's great, but please set <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#MultipleRelays">the
MyFamily option</a> in all your relays' configuration files.
</p>

<p>
8. Decide about rate limiting. Cable modem, DSL, and other users
who have asymmetric bandwidth (e.g. more down than up) should
rate limit to their slower bandwidth, to avoid congestion. See the <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#LimitBandwidth">rate
limiting FAQ entry</a> for details.
</p>

<p>
9. Back up your Tor relay's private key (stored in "keys/secret_id_key"
in your DataDirectory). This is your relay's "identity," and
you need to keep it safe so nobody can read the traffic that goes
through your relay. This is the critical file to keep if you need to <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#UpgradeRelay">move
or restore your Tor relay</a> if something goes wrong.
</p>

<p>

10. If you control the name servers for your domain, consider setting your
reverse DNS hostname to 'anonymous-relay', 'proxy' or 'tor-proxy', so when
other people see the address in their web logs, they will more quickly
understand what's going on. Adding the <a
href="https://tor-svn.freehaven.net/svn/tor/trunk/contrib/tor-exit-notice.html">Tor
exit notice</a> on a vhost for this name can go a long way to deterring abuse
complaints to you and your ISP if you are running an exit node.

</p>

<p>
11. If your computer isn't running a webserver, please consider
changing your ORPort to 443 and your DirPort to 80. Many Tor
users are stuck behind firewalls that only let them browse the
web, and this change will let them reach your Tor relay. Win32
relays can simply change their ORPort and DirPort directly
in their torrc and restart Tor. OS X or Unix relays can't bind
directly to these ports (since they don't run as root), so they will
need to set up some sort of <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerForFirewalledClients">
port forwarding</a> so connections can reach their Tor relay. If you are
using ports 80 and 443 already but still want to help out, other useful
ports are 22, 110, and 143.
</p>

<p>
12. If your Tor relay provides other services on the same IP address
&mdash; such as a public webserver &mdash; make sure that connections to the
webserver are allowed from the local host too. You need to allow these
connections because Tor clients will detect that your Tor relay is the <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ExitEavesdroppers">safest
way to reach that webserver</a>, and always build a circuit that ends
at your relay. If you don't want to allow the connections, you must
explicitly reject them in your exit policy.
</p>

<p>
13. (Unix only). Make a separate user to run the relay. If you
installed the OS X package or the deb or the rpm, this is already
done. Otherwise, you can do it by hand. (The Tor relay doesn't need to
be run as root, so it's good practice to not run it as root. Running
as a 'tor' user avoids issues with identd and other services that
detect user name. If you're the paranoid sort, feel free to <a
href="https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorInChroot">put Tor
into a chroot jail</a>.)
</p>

<p>
14. (Unix only.) Your operating system probably limits the number
of open file descriptors per process to 1024 (or even less). If you
plan to be running a fast exit node, this is probably not enough. On
Linux, you should add a line like "toruser hard nofile 8192" to your
/etc/security/limits.conf file (where toruser is the user that runs the
Tor process), and then restart Tor if it's installed as a package (or log
out and log back in if you run it yourself).
</p>

<p>
15. If you installed Tor via some package or installer, it probably starts
Tor for you automatically on boot. But if you installed from source,
you may find the initscripts in contrib/tor.sh or contrib/torctl useful.
</p>

<p>
When you change your Tor configuration, remember to verify that your
relay still works correctly after the change. Be sure to set your
"ContactInfo" line in the torrc so we can contact you if you need to
upgrade or something goes wrong. If you have problems or questions, see
the <a href="<page documentation>#Support">Support</a> section or
<a href="<page contact>">contact us</a> on the tor-ops list. Thanks
for helping to make the Tor network grow!
</p>

<hr />

<p>If you have suggestions for improving this document, please <a
href="<page contact>">send them to us</a>. Thanks!</p>

</div>
</div>

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