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#include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor Project: Debian/Ubuntu Instructions" CHARSET="UTF-8"
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    <a href="<page docs/debian>">Debian/Ubuntu Instructions</a>
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<a id="debian"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#debian">Option one: Tor on Debian stable,
Debian sid, or Debian testing</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
If you're using Debian, just run<br />
<tt>apt-get install tor</tt>
as root.
</p>

<p>
Note that this might not always give you the latest stable Tor version, but
you will receive important security fixes. To make sure that you're running
the latest stable version of Tor, see option two below.
</p>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>

<hr />

<a id="ubuntu"></a>
<a id="packages"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#ubuntu">Option two: Tor on Ubuntu or
Debian</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
<b>Do not use the packages in Ubuntu's universe.</b> In the past they have
not reliably been updated. That means you could be missing stability
and security fixes.
</p>

<p>
<b>Raspbian is not Debian.</b> These packages will be confusingly broken
for Raspbian users, since Raspbian called their architecture armhf but
Debian already has an armhf. See <a
href="http://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/242/how-to-run-tor-on-raspbian-on-the-raspberry-pi">this
post</a> for details.
</p>

<p>
You'll need to set up our package repository before you can fetch
Tor. First, you need to figure out the name of your distribution. A
quick command to run is <tt>lsb_release -c</tt> or <tt>cat /etc/debian_version</tt>.
If in doubt about your Debian version, check <a href="http://www.debian.org/releases/">the Debian website</a>.
For Ubuntu, ask <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases#Table_of_versions">Wikipedia</a>.

Then add this line to your
<tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>
file:<br />
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
deb     http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
where you put the codename of your distribution (i.e. lenny, sid,
saucy or whatever it is)
in place of &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt;.
</p>

<p>
Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following
commands at your command prompt:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv 886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
</pre>
Now refresh your sources, running the following command (as root) at your
command prompt:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt-get update
</pre>
If there are no errors you're good to continue.
</p>

<p>
We provide a Debian package to help you keep our signing key current.  It is
recommended you use it.  Install it using
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt-get install deb.torproject.org-keyring
</pre>
</p>

<p>
To finally install Tor just run:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt-get install tor
</pre>
</p>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>

<p style="font-size: small">
The DNS name <code>deb.torproject.org</code> is actually a set of independent
servers in a DNS round robin configuration.  If you for some reason cannot
access it you might try to use the name of one of its part instead.  Try
<code>deb-master.torproject.org</code>,
<code>mirror.netcologne.de</code> or
<code>tor.mirror.youam.de</code>.
</p>

<hr />

<a id="development"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#development">Option three: Using the
development branch of Tor on Debian or Ubuntu</a></h2>
<br />

<p>If you want to use the <a href="<page
download/download>#packagediff">development branch</a> of Tor instead
(more features and more bugs), you need to add a different set of lines
to your <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> file:<br />
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
deb     http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
deb     http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.2.5.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
where you again substitute the name of your distro (lenny,
sid, saucy, ...) in place of
&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt;.
</p>

<p>
Then run the following commands at your command prompt:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv 886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
apt-get update
apt-get install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring
</pre>
</p>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>

<hr />

<a id="source"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#source">Building from source</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
If you want to build your own debs from source you must first add an
appropriate <tt>deb-src</tt> line to <tt>sources.list</tt>.
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
# For the stable version.
deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main

# For the unstable version.
deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
deb-src http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.2.5.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
You also need to install the necessary packages to build your own debs and the
packages needed to build Tor:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt-get install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
apt-get build-dep tor
</pre>
Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages
apt-get source tor
cd tor-*
debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
cd ..
</pre>
Now you can install the new package:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
sudo dpkg -i tor_*.deb
</pre>
</p>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>

<hr />

<p>If you have suggestions for improving this document, please <a
href="<page about/contact>">send them to us</a>. Thanks!</p>

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future-proof it as suggested by fortin