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<a id="debian"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#debian">Option one: Tor on Debian Stretch - stable,
Debian Buster - testing, or Debian Sid - unstable</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
If you're using Debian, just run as root:
</blockquote><pre>  apt install tor </pre></blockquote>
</p>

<p>Debian provides the <a href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/tor">LTS</a>
version of Tor. Note that this might not always give you the latest stable
Tor version, but you will receive important security fixes. To make sure
that you're running the latest stable version of Tor, see option two below.
</p>

<p>
When Tor is installed and running move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "<a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>">Tor on Linux/Unix</a>" instructions.
</p>

<hr />

<a id="ubuntu"></a>
<a id="packages"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#ubuntu">Option two: Tor on Ubuntu or
Debian</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
<b>Do not use the packages in Ubuntu's universe.</b> In the past they have
not reliably been updated. That means you could be missing stability
and security fixes.
</p>

<p>
<b>Raspbian is not Debian.</b> Tor might run fine on the Raspberry Pi 2 / 3 but not the first generation Pi.
These packages might be confusingly broken for Raspbian users, since Raspbian called their architecture armhf but
Debian already has an armhf. See <a
href="http://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/242/how-to-run-tor-on-raspbian-on-the-raspberry-pi">this
post</a> for details.
</p>

<p>
You'll need to set up our package repository before you can fetch
Tor. First, you need to figure out the name of your distribution. A
quick command to run is <tt>lsb_release -c</tt> or <tt>cat /etc/debian_version</tt>.
If in doubt about your Debian version, check <a href="https://www.debian.org/releases/">the Debian website</a>.
For Ubuntu, ask <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases#Table_of_versions">Wikipedia</a>.
</p>

<div id="selector" style="display: none;">
<blockquote>
I run
<select id="distrib">
<option value="jessie">Debian oldstable (jessie)</option>
<option value="stretch" selected="selected">Debian stable (stretch)</option>
<option value="buster">Debian testing (buster)</option>
<option value="sid">Debian unstable (sid)</option>
<option value="trusty">Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)</option>
<option value="xenial">Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)</option>
<option value="artful">Ubuntu Artful Aardvark (17.10)</option>
<option value="bionic">Ubuntu Bionic Beaver (18.04 LTS)</option>
</select>
and want
<select id="package"></select>
version
<select id="version"></select>
</blockquote>

<div id="apt-source">
<p>You need to add the following entries to <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> or a new file in
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code>:</p>

<blockquote><pre id="sources">deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jessie main
</pre></blockquote>
</div>

<p>Note: To use source lines with https:// in <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> the <a
href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/apt-transport-https">apt-transport-https
package</a> is required. Install it with
<blockquote><pre>
apt install apt-transport-https
</pre></blockquote>
to enable the usage of 'deb https://foo distro main' lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list so that all package managers using the libapt-pkg library can access metadata and packages available in sources accessible over https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).</p>

<p>To use Apt with Tor later replace <tt>https://</tt> with <tt>tor://</tt> and run
<blockquote><pre>
apt install apt-transport-tor
</pre></blockquote>
</p>

<div id="sig">
<p>Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following commands at your command prompt:</p>
<blockquote><pre>
gpg --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
</pre></blockquote>
</div>

<div id="apt-get">
<p>You can install it with the following commands:</p>
<blockquote><pre>apt update
<span id="regular-install">apt install <span id="apt-package">tor</span> deb.torproject.org-keyring</span>
<span id="source-install">$ apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
$ apt build-dep tor deb.torproject.org-keyring</span></pre></blockquote>

<div id="source-install2">
<p>Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:</p>
<blockquote><pre>
$ mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages
$ apt source tor
$ cd tor-*
$ debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
$ cd ..
</pre></blockquote>
<p>Now you can install the new package:</p>
<blockquote><pre>
$ sudo dpkg -i tor_*.deb
</pre></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<p>
If you want to use the <a href="<page download/download-unix>#packagediff">development branch</a> of Tor instead (more features and more bugs), you need add a different set of lines to your <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> file:<br />
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
</p>

<p>Note: To use source lines with <tt>https://</tt> in <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> the <a
href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/apt-transport-https">apt-transport-https
package</a> is required. Install it with
<blockquote><pre>
apt install apt-transport-https
</pre></blockquote>
to enable the usage of 'deb https://foo distro main' lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list so that all package managers using the libapt-pkg library can access metadata and packages available in sources accessible over https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).</p>

<p>To use Apt with Tor later replace <tt>https://</tt> with <tt>tor://</tt> and run <blockquote><pre>
apt install apt-transport-tor
</pre></blockquote>
</p>

<p>
Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following
commands at your command prompt:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
gpg --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
</pre>
Now refresh your sources, running the following command (as root) at your
command prompt:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt update
</pre>
If there are no errors you're good to continue.
</p>

<p>
We provide a Debian package to help you keep our signing key current.  It is
recommended you use it.  Install it along with tor using
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring
</pre>
</p>

</noscript>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>

<p style="font-size: small">
The DNS name <code>deb.torproject.org</code> is actually a set of independent
servers in a DNS round robin configuration.  If you for some reason cannot
access it you might try to use the name of one of its part instead.  Try
<code>deb-master.torproject.org</code>,
<code>mirror.netcologne.de</code> or
<code>tor.mirror.youam.de</code>.
</p>

<p><code>deb.torproject.org</code> is also served through now also served via onion service:
<a href="http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion">http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/</a> To use the onion service with apt, replace the address in the previously added lines:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">.
# For the stable version.
deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org buster main

# For the unstable version.
deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org tor-nightly-master-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
<br />
See <a href="https://onion.torproject.org/">https://onion.torproject.org</a> for all
torproject.org onion addresses.</p>

<hr />

<a id="source"></a>
<h2><a class="anchor" href="#source">Building from source</a></h2>
<br />

<p>
If you want to build your own debs from source you must first add an
appropriate <tt>deb-src</tt> line to <tt>sources.list</tt>.
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
# For the stable version.
deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main

# For the unstable version.
deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
</pre>
Substitute the name of your distro (stretch, buster, sid, xenial, ...) in place of &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt;. Now refresh your sources by running (as root):
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt update
</pre>
You also need to install the necessary packages to build your own debs and the
packages needed to build Tor:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
apt build-dep tor
</pre>
Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages
apt source tor
cd tor-*
debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
cd ..
</pre>
Now you can install the new package:
<pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
sudo dpkg -i tor_*.deb
</pre>
</p>

<p>
Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page
docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"
instructions.
</p>
</noscript>

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