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5) #include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor Project: Debian/Ubuntu Instructions" CHARSET="UTF-8"

6) {#meta#:
7) <script type="text/javascript" src="debian-selector.js"></script>
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9) 

10) <div id="content" class="clearfix">
11)   <div id="breadcrumbs">

12)     <a href="<page index>">Home &raquo; </a>

13)     <a href="<page docs/documentation>">Documentation &raquo; </a>
14)     <a href="<page docs/debian>">Debian/Ubuntu Instructions</a>
15)   </div>

16)   <div id="maincol">

17) <a id="debian"></a>

18) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#debian">Option one: Tor on Debian Stretch - stable,
19) Debian Buster - testing, or Debian Sid - unstable</a></h2>

20) <br />
21) 
22) <p>

23) If you're using Debian, just run as root:

24) </blockquote><pre>  apt install tor </pre></blockquote>

25) </p>
26) 

27) <p>Debian provides the <a href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/tor">LTS</a>
28) version of Tor. Note that this might not always give you the latest stable
29) Tor version, but you will receive important security fixes. To make sure
30) that you're running the latest stable version of Tor, see option two below.

31) </p>
32) 
33) <p>

34) When Tor is installed and running move on to <a href="<page
35) docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "<a href="<page
36) docs/tor-doc-unix>">Tor on Linux/Unix</a>" instructions.

37) </p>
38) 
39) <hr />
40) 
41) <a id="ubuntu"></a>
42) <a id="packages"></a>
43) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#ubuntu">Option two: Tor on Ubuntu or
44) Debian</a></h2>
45) <br />
46) 
47) <p>

48) <b>Do not use the packages in Ubuntu's universe.</b> In the past they have
49) not reliably been updated. That means you could be missing stability
50) and security fixes.

51) </p>
52) 

53) <p>

54) <b>Raspbian is not Debian.</b> Tor might run fine on the Raspberry Pi 2 / 3 but not the first generation Pi.
55) These packages might be confusingly broken for Raspbian users, since Raspbian called their architecture armhf but

56) Debian already has an armhf. See <a
57) href="http://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/242/how-to-run-tor-on-raspbian-on-the-raspberry-pi">this
58) post</a> for details.

59) </p>
60) 

61) <p>
62) You'll need to set up our package repository before you can fetch

63) Tor. First, you need to figure out the name of your distribution. A

64) quick command to run is <tt>lsb_release -c</tt> or <tt>cat /etc/debian_version</tt>.

65) If in doubt about your Debian version, check <a href="https://www.debian.org/releases/">the Debian website</a>.

66) For Ubuntu, ask <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases#Table_of_versions">Wikipedia</a>.

67) </p>
68) 
69) <div id="selector" style="display: none;">
70) <blockquote>

71) I run

72) <select id="distrib">

73) <option value="jessie">Debian oldstable (jessie)</option>
74) <option value="stretch" selected="selected">Debian stable (stretch)</option>

75) <option value="buster">Debian testing (buster)</option>

76) <option value="sid">Debian unstable (sid)</option>

77) <option value="trusty">Ubuntu Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)</option>
78) <option value="xenial">Ubuntu Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)</option>
79) <option value="artful">Ubuntu Artful Aardvark (17.10)</option>

80) <option value="bionic">Ubuntu Bionic Beaver (18.04 LTS)</option>

81) </select>

82) and want

83) <select id="package"></select>

84) version

85) <select id="version"></select>

86) </blockquote>
87) 
88) 
89) <div id="apt-source">

90) <p>You need to add the following entries to <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> or a new file in
91) <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code>:</p>

92) 

93) <blockquote><pre id="sources">deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org jessie main

94) </pre></blockquote>
95) </div>

96) 

97) <p>Note: To use source lines with https:// in <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> the <a

98) href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/apt-transport-https">apt-transport-https
99) package</a> is required. Install it with
100) <blockquote><pre>
101) apt install apt-transport-https
102) </pre></blockquote>
103) to enable the usage of 'deb https://foo distro main' lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list so that all package managers using the libapt-pkg library can access metadata and packages available in sources accessible over https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).</p>

104) 

105) <p>To use Apt with Tor later replace <tt>https://</tt> with <tt>tor://</tt> and run
106) <blockquote><pre>
107) apt install apt-transport-tor
108) </pre></blockquote>
109) </p>
110) 

111) <div id="sig">
112) <p>Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following commands at your command prompt:</p>
113) <blockquote><pre>

114) gpg --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89

115) gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
116) </pre></blockquote>
117) </div>
118) 
119) 
120) <div id="apt-get">
121) <p>You can install it with the following commands:</p>

122) <blockquote><pre>apt update
123) <span id="regular-install">apt install <span id="apt-package">tor</span> deb.torproject.org-keyring</span>

124) <span id="source-install">$ apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
125) $ apt build-dep tor deb.torproject.org-keyring</span></pre></blockquote>

126) 
127) <div id="source-install2">

128) <p>Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:</p>

129) <blockquote><pre>
130) $ mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages

131) $ apt source tor

132) $ cd tor-*
133) $ debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
134) $ cd ..
135) </pre></blockquote>
136) <p>Now you can install the new package:</p>
137) <blockquote><pre>
138) $ sudo dpkg -i tor_*.deb
139) </pre></blockquote>
140) </div>
141) </div>
142) </div>
143) 
144) <noscript>
145) <p>

146) Then add this line to your
147) <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt>
148) file:<br />

149) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

150) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org <DISTRIBUTION> main

151) </pre>

152) where you put the codename of your distribution (i.e. stretch, buster, sid
153) or whatever it is)

154) in place of <DISTRIBUTION>.

155) </p>
156) 

157) <p>
158) If you want to use the <a href="<page download/download-unix>#packagediff">development branch</a> of Tor 
159) instead (more features and more bugs), you need add a different set of lines to your 
160) <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> file:<br />
161) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">
162) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org &lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
163) deb     https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
164) </pre>
165) </p>
166) 
167) <p>Note: To use source lines with <tt>https://</tt> in <i>/etc/apt/sources.list</i> the <a
168) href="https://packages.debian.org/stretch/apt-transport-https">apt-transport-https
169) package</a> is required. Install it with
170) <blockquote><pre>
171) apt install apt-transport-https
172) </pre></blockquote>
173) to enable the usage of 'deb https://foo distro main' lines in the /etc/apt/sources.list so that all package managers using the libapt-pkg library can access metadata and packages available in sources accessible over https (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure).</p>
174) 
175) <p>To use Apt with Tor later replace <tt>https://</tt> with <tt>tor://</tt> and run 
176) <blockquote><pre>
177) apt install apt-transport-tor
178) </pre></blockquote>
179) </p>
180) 

181) <p>
182) Then add the gpg key used to sign the packages by running the following
183) commands at your command prompt:

184) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

185) gpg --recv A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89

186) gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
187) </pre>

188) Now refresh your sources, running the following command (as root) at your
189) command prompt:

190) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

191) apt update

192) </pre>
193) If there are no errors you're good to continue.
194) </p>
195) 
196) <p>
197) We provide a Debian package to help you keep our signing key current.  It is

198) recommended you use it.  Install it along with tor using

199) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

200) apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring

201) </pre>
202) </p>
203) 

204) </noscript>
205) 

206) <p>
207) Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page

208) docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"

209) instructions.
210) </p>
211) 
212) <p style="font-size: small">
213) The DNS name <code>deb.torproject.org</code> is actually a set of independent
214) servers in a DNS round robin configuration.  If you for some reason cannot
215) access it you might try to use the name of one of its part instead.  Try
216) <code>deb-master.torproject.org</code>,
217) <code>mirror.netcologne.de</code> or
218) <code>tor.mirror.youam.de</code>.
219) </p>
220) 

221) <p><code>deb.torproject.org</code> is also served through now also served via onion service:

222) <a href="http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion">http://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/</a> To use the onion service with 
223) apt, replace the address in the previously added lines:
224) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">.
225) # For the stable version.
226) deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org buster main
227) 
228) # For the unstable version.
229) deb tor://sdscoq7snqtznauu.onion/torproject.org tor-nightly-master-&lt;DISTRIBUTION&gt; main
230) </pre>

231) <br />

232) See <a href="https://onion.torproject.org/">https://onion.torproject.org</a> for all

233) torproject.org onion addresses.</p>
234) 

235) <noscript>

236) 
237) <hr />
238) 
239) <a id="source"></a>
240) <h2><a class="anchor" href="#source">Building from source</a></h2>
241) <br />
242) 
243) <p>
244) If you want to build your own debs from source you must first add an
245) appropriate <tt>deb-src</tt> line to <tt>sources.list</tt>.

246) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

247) # For the stable version.

248) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org <DISTRIBUTION> main

249) 
250) # For the unstable version.

251) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org <DISTRIBUTION> main

252) deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org tor-experimental-0.3.4.x-<DISTRIBUTION> main

253) </pre>

254) Substitute the name of your distro (stretch, buster, sid, xenial, ...) in place of <DISTRIBUTION>. Now refresh your sources by running (as root):

255) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

256) apt update

257) </pre>

258) You also need to install the necessary packages to build your own debs and the

259) packages needed to build Tor:

260) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

261) apt install build-essential fakeroot devscripts
262) apt build-dep tor

263) </pre>
264) Then you can build Tor in ~/debian-packages:

265) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

266) mkdir ~/debian-packages; cd ~/debian-packages

267) apt source tor

268) cd tor-*
269) debuild -rfakeroot -uc -us
270) cd ..
271) </pre>
272) Now you can install the new package:

273) <pre style="margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 2em">

274) sudo dpkg -i tor_*.deb
275) </pre>
276) </p>
277) 
278) <p>
279) Now Tor is installed and running. Move on to <a href="<page

280) docs/tor-doc-unix>#using">step two</a> of the "Tor on Linux/Unix"

281) instructions.
282) </p>

283) </noscript>

284) 
285) <!-- END MAIN COL -->

286)   </div>
287)   <div id = "sidecol">
288) #include "side.wmi"
289) #include "info.wmi"
290)   </div>
291)   <!-- END SIDECOL -->
292) </div>
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