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5) #include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor Project: Verifying Signatures" CHARSET="UTF-8"
6) <div id="content" class="clearfix">
7)   <div id="breadcrumbs">

8)     <a href="<page index>">Home &raquo; </a>

9)     <a href="<page docs/verifying-signatures>">Verifying Signatures</a>
10)   </div>

11)   <div id="maincol">

12)     <h1>How to verify signatures for packages</h1>

13)     <hr>

14) 

15)     <p>Each file on <a href="<page download/download>">our download
16)     page</a> is accompanied by a file with the same name as the
17)     package and the extension ".asc". These .asc files are GPG
18)     signatures. They allow you to verify the file you've downloaded
19)     is exactly the one that we intended you to get. For example,
20)     tor-browser-<version-torbrowserbundle>_en-US.exe is accompanied by

21)     tor-browser-<version-torbrowserbundle>_en-US.exe.asc.</p>

22) 

23)     <h3>Windows</h3>

24)     <hr>

25) 

26)     <p>You need to have GnuPG installed
27)     before you can verify signatures. Go to <a

28)     href="http://www.gnupg.org/download/">http://www.gnupg.org/download/</a>

29)     and look for the "version compiled for MS-Windows" under "Binaries".</p>
30) 
31)     <p>Once it's installed, use GnuPG to import the key that signed your
32)     package. Since GnuPG for Windows is a command-line tool, you will need
33)     to use <i>cmd.exe</i>. Unless you edit your PATH environment variable,
34)     you will need to tell Windows the full path to the GnuPG program. If
35)     you installed GnuPG with the default values, the path should be
36)     something like this: <i>C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe</i>.</p>

37) 

38)     <p>Erinn Clark signs the Tor Browser Bundles. Import her key
39)     (0x63FEE659) by starting <i>cmd.exe</i> and typing:</p>

40) 

41)     <pre>C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 0x63FEE659</pre>

42) 

43)     <p>After importing the key, you can verify that the fingerprint
44)     is correct:</p>

45) 

46)     <pre>C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe --fingerprint 0x63FEE659</pre>
47) 
48)     <p>You should see:</p>
49)     <pre>
50)     pub   2048R/63FEE659 2003-10-16
51)           Key fingerprint = 8738 A680 B84B 3031 A630  F2DB 416F 0610 63FE E659
52)     uid                  Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@torproject.org&gt;
53)     uid                  Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@debian.org&gt;
54)     uid                  Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@double-helix.org&gt;
55)     sub   2048R/EB399FD7 2003-10-16
56) </pre>

57) 

58)     <p>To verify the signature of the package you downloaded, you will need
59)     to download the ".asc" file as well. Assuming you downloaded the
60)     package and its signature to your Desktop, run:</p>

61) 

62)     <pre>C:\Program Files\Gnu\GnuPg\gpg.exe --verify C:\Users\Alice\Desktop\<file-win32-bundle-stable>.asc C:\Users\Alice\Desktop\<file-win32-bundle-stable></pre>
63) 
64)     <p>The output should say "Good signature": </p>
65) 
66)     <pre>
67)     gpg: Signature made Wed 31 Aug 2011 06:37:01 PM EDT using RSA key ID 63FEE659
68)     gpg: Good signature from "Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@torproject.org&gt;"
69)     gpg:                 aka "Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@debian.org&gt;"
70)     gpg:                 aka "Erinn Clark &lt;erinn@double-helix.org&gt;"
71)     gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
72)     gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
73)     Primary key fingerprint: 8738 A680 B84B 3031 A630  F2DB 416F 0610 63FE E659
74)     </pre>
75) 
76)     <p>
77)     Notice that there is a warning because you haven't assigned a trust
78)     index to this person. This means that GnuPG verified that the key made
79)     that signature, but it's up to you to decide if that key really belongs
80)     to the developer. The best method is to meet the developer in person and
81)     exchange key fingerprints.
82)     </p>

83) 

84)     <h3>Mac OS X</h3>

85)     <hr>

86) 

87)     <p>You need to have GnuPG installed before you can verify
88)     signatures. You can install it from <a
89)     href="http://macgpg.sourceforge.net/">http://macgpg.sourceforge.net/</a>.
90)     </p>

91) 

92)     <p>Once it's installed, use GnuPG to import the key that signed
93)     your package. Erinn Clark signs the Tor Browser Bundles. Import her
94)     key (0x63FEE659) by starting the terminal (under "Applications")
95)     and typing:</p>

96) 

97)     <pre>gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 0x63FEE659</pre>

98) 

99)     <p>After importing the key, you can verify that the fingerprint
100)     is correct:</p>
101) 
102)     <pre>gpg --fingerprint 0x63FEE659</pre>

103) 

104)     <p>You should see:</p>
105)     <pre>

106)     pub   2048R/63FEE659 2003-10-16
107)           Key fingerprint = 8738 A680 B84B 3031 A630  F2DB 416F 0610 63FE E659
108)     uid                  Erinn Clark <erinn@torproject.org>
109)     uid                  Erinn Clark <erinn@debian.org>
110)     uid                  Erinn Clark <erinn@double-helix.org>
111)     sub   2048R/EB399FD7 2003-10-16
112)     </pre>

113) 

114)     <p>To verify the signature of the package you downloaded, you will need
115)     to download the ".asc" file as well. Assuming you downloaded the
116)     package and its signature to your Desktop, run:</p>

117) 

118)     <pre>gpg --verify /Users/Alice/<file-osx-x86-bundle-stable>.asc /Users/Alice/<file-osx-x86-bundle-stable></pre>

119) 

120)     <p>The output should say "Good signature": </p>

121) 

122)     <pre>

123)     gpg: Signature made Wed 31 Aug 2011 06:37:01 PM EDT using RSA key ID 63FEE659
124)     gpg: Good signature from "Erinn Clark <erinn@torproject.org>"
125)     gpg:                 aka "Erinn Clark <erinn@debian.org>"
126)     gpg:                 aka "Erinn Clark <erinn@double-helix.org>"

127)     gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
128)     gpg:          There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.

129)     Primary key fingerprint: 8738 A680 B84B 3031 A630  F2DB 416F 0610 63FE E659

130)     </pre>

131) 

132)     <p>
133)     Notice that there is a warning because you haven't assigned a trust
134)     index to this person. This means that GnuPG verified that the key made
135)     that signature, but it's up to you to decide if that key really belongs
136)     to the developer. The best method is to meet the developer in person and
137)     exchange key fingerprints.
138)     </p>

139) 

140)     <h3>Linux</h3>
141)     <hr>

142) 

143)     <p>For <b>RPM-based distributions</b> you can manually verify the
144)     signatures on the RPM packages by:</p>
145)     <pre>rpm -K filename.rpm</pre>

146) 

147)     <p>For <b>Debian</b>, you should read the instructions on <a
148)     href="<page docs/debian>#packages">importing these keys to
149)     apt</a>.</p>

150) 

151)     <p>If you wish to learn more about GPG, see <a
152)     href="http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/">http://www.gnupg.org/documentation/</a>.</p>

153) 

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