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1) <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
2) "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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3) 
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4) <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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5) <head>
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6)  <title>Legal FAQ for Tor Server Operators</title>
7)  <meta name="Author" content="EFF" />
8)  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
9)  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheet.css" />
10)  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
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11) </head>
12) <body>
13) 
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14) <div class="center">
15) 
16) <!-- TITLE BAR & NAVIGATION -->
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22) width="110" height="79" alt="Tor logo" /></a>
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24) <td class="links" valign="top">
25)       <a href="../index.html">Home</a>  |
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43) <!-- PUT CONTENT AFTER THIS TAG -->
44) 
45) <h2>Legal FAQ for Tor Server Operators</h2>
46) <hr />
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47) <p>FAQ written by the Electronic Frontier
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48) Foundation (<a href="http://www.eff.org/">EFF</a>). Last updated 19 Feb 2005.</p>
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49) 
50) <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> This FAQ is for informational purposes only
51) and does not constitute legal advice.  EFF has not analyzed any
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52) particular factual situation or laws in drafting this FAQ. Our aim is
53) to provide a general description of the legal issues surrounding
54) Tor.  Different factual situations and different legal jurisdictions will
55) result in different answers to a number of questions.  Therefore, please
56) do not act on this information alone; if you have any
57) specific legal problems, issues, or questions, seek a complete review of
58) your situation with a lawyer licensed to practice in your jurisdiction.
59) </p>
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60) 
61) <p>Also, if you received this document from anywhere besides <a
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62) href="http://tor.eff.org/eff/tor-legal-faq.html">http://tor.eff.org/eff/tor-legal-faq.html</a>,
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63) it may be out of date. Follow the link to get the latest version.</p>
64) 
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65) <hr />
66) 
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67) <h2>Has anyone ever been sued for running Tor?</h2>
68) 
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69) <p><strong>No.</strong> Further, we believe that running a Tor node,
70) including a Tor exit node that allows people to anonymously send and
71) receive traffic, is lawful under U.S. law.</p>
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72) 
73) 
74) <h2>Should I use Tor, or encourage the use of Tor, for illegal purposes
75) such as spamming, harassment, distribution of child porn, or copyright
76) infringement?</h2>
77) 
78) <p><strong>No.</strong> Tor has been developed to be a tool for free
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79) speech, privacy, and human rights.  It is not a tool designed or intended
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80) to be used to break the law, either by Tor users or Tor server
81) operators.</p>
82) 
83) <p>We further recommend that you not keep any potentially illegal files
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84) on the same machine you use for Tor, nor use that machine for any illegal
85) purpose.  Although no Tor server has ever been seized, nor any server
86) operator subpoenaed, the future possibility cannot be ruled out. If that
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87) happens, you will want your machine to be clean.</p>
88) 
89) 
90) <h2>Can EFF promise that I won&rsquo;t get in trouble for running a Tor
91) server?</h2>
92) 
93) <p><strong>No.</strong> All new technologies create legal uncertainties,
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94) and Tor is no exception to the rule. Presently, no court has ever considered any
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95) case involving the Tor technology, and we therefore cannot guarantee
96) that you will never face any legal liability as a result of running a
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97) Tor server. However, EFF believes so strongly that those running Tor
98) servers shouldn't be liable for traffic that passes through the server
99) that we're running our own Tor server.
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100) </p>
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101) 
102) 
103) <h2>Will EFF represent me if I get in trouble for running a Tor
104) server?</h2>
105) 
106) <p><strong>Maybe.</strong> While EFF cannot promise legal representation
107) of all Tor server operators, it will assist server operators in
108) assessing the situation and will try to locate qualified legal counsel
109) when necessary.  Inquiries to EFF for the purpose of securing legal
110) representation or referrals should be directed to staff attorney Kevin
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111) Bankston (US +1 (415) 436-9333 x 126). Such inquiries will be kept
112) confidential subject to the limits of the attorney/client privilege.
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113) Note that although EFF cannot practice law outside of the U.S., it will
114) still try to assist non-U.S. server operators in finding local
115) representation.</p>
116) 
117) 
118) <h2>Should I contact the Tor developers when I have legal questions
119) about Tor or to inform them if I suspect Tor is being used for illegal
120) purposes?</h2>
121) 
122) <p><strong>No.</strong> Tor&rsquo;s core developers, Roger Dingledine
123) and Nick Mathewson, are available to answer technical questions, but
124) they are not lawyers and cannot give legal advice.  Nor do they have any
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125) ability to prevent illegal activity that may occur through Tor servers.
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126) Furthermore, your communications with Tor&rsquo;s core developers are
127) not protected by any legal privilege, so law enforcement or civil
128) litigants could subpoena and obtain any information you give to
129) them.</p>
130) 
131) 
132) <h2>If I receive a request from law enforcement or anyone else for my
133) Tor server&rsquo;s logs, what should I do?</h2>
134) 
135) <p><strong>Educate them about Tor.</strong> In most instances, properly
136) configured Tor servers will have no useful data for inquiring parties,
137) and you should feel free to educate them on this point.  To the extent
138) you do maintain logs, however, you should not disclose them to any third
139) party without first consulting a lawyer.  In the U.S., such a disclosure
140) may violate the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, and server
141) operators outside of the U.S. may be subject to similar data protection
142) laws.</p>
143) 
144) <p>You may receive legal inquiries where you are prohibited by law from
145) telling anyone about the request.  We believe that, at least in the
146) U.S., such gag orders do not prevent you from talking to a lawyer,
147) including calling a lawyer to find representation.  Inquiries to EFF for
148) the purpose of securing legal representation should be directed to staff
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149) attorney Kevin Bankston (US +1 (415) 436-9333 x126). Such inquiries
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150) will be kept confidential subject to the limits of the attorney/client
151) privilege.</p>
152) 
153) <p>EFF is currently working on informational materials to help you
154) respond to the most likely types of legal requests or notices, so watch
155) this space.</p>
156) 
157) 
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158) <h2>Should I snoop on the plaintext that exits through my Tor
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159) server?</h2>
160) 
161) <p><strong>No.</strong> You are technically capable of monitoring or
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162) logging plaintext that exits your node if you modify the Tor source
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163) code or install additional software to enable such snooping.  However,
164) Tor server operators in the U.S. can create legal and possibly even
165) criminal liability for themselves under state or federal wiretap laws if
166) they affirmatively monitor, log, or disclose Tor users&rsquo;
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167) communications, while non-U.S. operators may be subject to similar laws.
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168) Do not examine the contents of anyone&rsquo;s communications without
169) first talking to a lawyer.</p>
170) 
171) 
172) <h2>Do Tor&rsquo;s core developers make any promises about the
173) trustworthiness or reliability of Tor servers that are listed in their
174) directory?</h2>
175) 
176) <p><strong>No.</strong> Although the developers attempt to verify that
177) Tor servers listed in the directory the core developers maintain are
178) stable and have adequate bandwidth, neither they nor EFF can guarantee
179) the personal trustworthiness or reliability of the individuals who run
180) those servers.  Tor&rsquo;s core developers further reserve the right to
181) refuse a Tor server operator&rsquo;s request to be listed in their
182) directory or to remove any server from their directory for any
183) reason.</p>
184) 
185) 
186) <h2>Is the Tor software subject to any license terms?</h2>
187) 
188) <p><strong>Yes.</strong> The Tor license is included in the software
189) download and reproduced below:</p>
190) 
191) <p>Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine<br />
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192) Copyright (c) 2004-2005, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson</p>
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193) 
194) <p>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
195) modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
196) met:</p>
197) 
198) <ul>
199) 
200) <li>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
201) notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</li>
202) 
203) <li>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
204) notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
205) documentation and/or other materials provided with the
206) distribution.</li>
207) 
208) <li>Neither the names of the copyright owners nor the names of its
209) contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
210) this software without specific prior written permission.</li>
211) 
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212) </ul>
213) 
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214) <p>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
215) &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
216) BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
217) FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
218) COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
219) INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
220) NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
221) USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
222) ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
223) (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
224) THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</p>
225) 
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226) </div><!-- #main -->
227) </div>