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1) <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
2) "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
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3) 
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4) <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
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5) <head>
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6)  <title>Legal FAQ for Tor Server Operators</title>
7)  <meta name="Author" content="EFF" />
8)  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
9)  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheet.css" />
10)  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
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11) </head>
12) <body>
13) 
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14) <!-- TITLE BAR & NAVIGATION -->
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15) 
16) <table class="banner" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
17)     <tr>
18)         <td class="banner-left"></td>
19)         <td class="banner-middle">
20)             <a href="../index.html">Home</a>
21)           | <a href="../howitworks.html">How It Works</a>
22)           | <a href="../download.html">Download</a>
23)           | <a href="../documentation.html">Docs</a>
24)           | <a href="../users.html">Users</a>
25)           | <a href="../faq.html">FAQs</a>
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26)           | <a href="../volunteer.html">Contribute</a>
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27)           | <a href="../developers.html">Developers</a>
28)           | <a href="../research.html">Research</a>
29)           | <a href="../people.html">People</a>
30)         </td>
31)         <td class="banner-right"></td>
32)     </tr>
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33) </table>
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34) 
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35) <!-- END TITLE BAR & NAVIGATION -->
36) 
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37) <div class="center"> 
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38) <div class="main-column">
39) 
40) <!-- PUT CONTENT AFTER THIS TAG -->
41) 
42) <h2>Legal FAQ for Tor Server Operators</h2>
43) <hr />
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44) <p>FAQ written by the Electronic Frontier
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45) Foundation (<a href="http://www.eff.org/">EFF</a>). Last updated 25 Apr 2005.</p>
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46) 
47) <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> This FAQ is for informational purposes only
48) and does not constitute legal advice.  EFF has not analyzed any
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49) particular factual situation or laws in drafting this FAQ. Our aim is
50) to provide a general description of the legal issues surrounding
51) Tor.  Different factual situations and different legal jurisdictions will
52) result in different answers to a number of questions.  Therefore, please
53) do not act on this information alone; if you have any
54) specific legal problems, issues, or questions, seek a complete review of
55) your situation with a lawyer licensed to practice in your jurisdiction.
56) </p>
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57) 
58) <p>Also, if you received this document from anywhere besides <a
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59) href="http://tor.eff.org/eff/tor-legal-faq.html">http://tor.eff.org/eff/tor-legal-faq.html</a>,
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60) it may be out of date. Follow the link to get the latest version.</p>
61) 
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62) <hr />
63) 
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64) <h2>Has anyone ever been sued for running Tor?</h2>
65) 
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66) <p><strong>No.</strong> Further, we believe that running a Tor node,
67) including a Tor exit node that allows people to anonymously send and
68) receive traffic, is lawful under U.S. law.</p>
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69) 
70) 
71) <h2>Should I use Tor, or encourage the use of Tor, for illegal purposes
72) such as spamming, harassment, distribution of child porn, or copyright
73) infringement?</h2>
74) 
75) <p><strong>No.</strong> Tor has been developed to be a tool for free
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76) speech, privacy, and human rights.  It is not a tool designed or intended
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77) to be used to break the law, either by Tor users or Tor server
78) operators.</p>
79) 
80) <p>We further recommend that you not keep any potentially illegal files
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81) on the same machine you use for Tor, nor use that machine for any illegal
82) purpose.  Although no Tor server has ever been seized, nor any server
83) operator subpoenaed, the future possibility cannot be ruled out. If that
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84) happens, you will want your machine to be clean.</p>
85) 
86) 
87) <h2>Can EFF promise that I won&rsquo;t get in trouble for running a Tor
88) server?</h2>
89) 
90) <p><strong>No.</strong> All new technologies create legal uncertainties,
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91) and Tor is no exception to the rule. Presently, no court has ever considered any
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92) case involving the Tor technology, and we therefore cannot guarantee
93) that you will never face any legal liability as a result of running a
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94) Tor server. However, EFF believes so strongly that those running Tor
95) servers shouldn't be liable for traffic that passes through the server
96) that we're running our own Tor server.
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97) </p>
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98) 
99) 
100) <h2>Will EFF represent me if I get in trouble for running a Tor
101) server?</h2>
102) 
103) <p><strong>Maybe.</strong> While EFF cannot promise legal representation
104) of all Tor server operators, it will assist server operators in
105) assessing the situation and will try to locate qualified legal counsel
106) when necessary.  Inquiries to EFF for the purpose of securing legal
107) representation or referrals should be directed to staff attorney Kevin
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108) Bankston (bankston at eff.org or US +1 (415) 436-9333 x 126). Such
109) inquiries will be kept
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110) confidential subject to the limits of the attorney/client privilege.
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111) Note that although EFF cannot practice law outside of the U.S., it will
112) still try to assist non-U.S. server operators in finding local
113) representation.</p>
114) 
115) 
116) <h2>Should I contact the Tor developers when I have legal questions
117) about Tor or to inform them if I suspect Tor is being used for illegal
118) purposes?</h2>
119) 
120) <p><strong>No.</strong> Tor&rsquo;s core developers, Roger Dingledine
121) and Nick Mathewson, are available to answer technical questions, but
122) they are not lawyers and cannot give legal advice.  Nor do they have any
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123) ability to prevent illegal activity that may occur through Tor servers.
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124) Furthermore, your communications with Tor&rsquo;s core developers are
125) not protected by any legal privilege, so law enforcement or civil
126) litigants could subpoena and obtain any information you give to
127) them.</p>
128) 
129) 
130) <h2>If I receive a request from law enforcement or anyone else for my
131) Tor server&rsquo;s logs, what should I do?</h2>
132) 
133) <p><strong>Educate them about Tor.</strong> In most instances, properly
134) configured Tor servers will have no useful data for inquiring parties,
135) and you should feel free to educate them on this point.  To the extent
136) you do maintain logs, however, you should not disclose them to any third
137) party without first consulting a lawyer.  In the U.S., such a disclosure
138) may violate the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, and server
139) operators outside of the U.S. may be subject to similar data protection
140) laws.</p>
141) 
142) <p>You may receive legal inquiries where you are prohibited by law from
143) telling anyone about the request.  We believe that, at least in the
144) U.S., such gag orders do not prevent you from talking to a lawyer,
145) including calling a lawyer to find representation.  Inquiries to EFF for
146) the purpose of securing legal representation should be directed to staff
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147) attorney Kevin Bankston (bankston at eff.org or US +1 (415) 436-9333
148) x126). Such inquiries
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149) will be kept confidential subject to the limits of the attorney/client
150) privilege.</p>
151) 
152) <p>EFF is currently working on informational materials to help you
153) respond to the most likely types of legal requests or notices, so watch
154) this space.</p>
155) 
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156) <h2>My ISP/University/etc just sent me a DMCA notice. What should I do?</h2>
157) 
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158) <p>The EFF has written a <a
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159) href="tor-dmca-response.html">short template</a>
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160) to help you write a response to your ISP/University/etc, to let them
161) know about the details of DMCA safe harbor, and how Tor fits in. Note
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162) that this only refers to a U.S. jurisdiction.</p>
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163) 
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164) <h2>Should I snoop on the plaintext that exits through my Tor
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165) server?</h2>
166) 
167) <p><strong>No.</strong> You are technically capable of monitoring or
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168) logging plaintext that exits your node if you modify the Tor source
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169) code or install additional software to enable such snooping.  However,
170) Tor server operators in the U.S. can create legal and possibly even
171) criminal liability for themselves under state or federal wiretap laws if
172) they affirmatively monitor, log, or disclose Tor users&rsquo;
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173) communications, while non-U.S. operators may be subject to similar laws.
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174) Do not examine the contents of anyone&rsquo;s communications without
175) first talking to a lawyer.</p>
176) 
177) 
178) <h2>Do Tor&rsquo;s core developers make any promises about the
179) trustworthiness or reliability of Tor servers that are listed in their
180) directory?</h2>
181) 
182) <p><strong>No.</strong> Although the developers attempt to verify that
183) Tor servers listed in the directory the core developers maintain are
184) stable and have adequate bandwidth, neither they nor EFF can guarantee
185) the personal trustworthiness or reliability of the individuals who run
186) those servers.  Tor&rsquo;s core developers further reserve the right to
187) refuse a Tor server operator&rsquo;s request to be listed in their
188) directory or to remove any server from their directory for any
189) reason.</p>
190) 
191) 
192) <h2>Is the Tor software subject to any license terms?</h2>
193) 
194) <p><strong>Yes.</strong> The Tor license is included in the software
195) download and reproduced below:</p>
196) 
197) <p>Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine<br />
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198) Copyright (c) 2004-2005, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson</p>
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199) 
200) <p>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
201) modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
202) met:</p>
203) 
204) <ul>
205) 
206) <li>Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
207) notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</li>
208) 
209) <li>Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
210) notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
211) documentation and/or other materials provided with the
212) distribution.</li>
213) 
214) <li>Neither the names of the copyright owners nor the names of its
215) contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
216) this software without specific prior written permission.</li>
217) 
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218) </ul>
219) 
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220) <p>THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
221) &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
222) BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
223) FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
224) COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
225) INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
226) NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
227) USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
228) ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
229) (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
230) THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</p>
231) 
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232) </div><!-- #main -->
233) </div>