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5) #include "head.wmi" TITLE="Tor Project: FAQ" CHARSET="UTF-8"
6) <div id="content" class="clearfix">
7)   <div id="breadcrumbs">

8)     <a href="<page index>">Home &raquo; </a>

9)     <a href="<page docs/documentation>">Documentation &raquo; </a>
10)     <a href="<page docs/faq>">FAQ</a>
11)   </div>
12)   <div id="maincol">
13)     <!-- PUT CONTENT AFTER THIS TAG -->
14)     <h1>Tor FAQ</h1>

15)     <hr>

16) 

17)     <a id="general"></a>

18)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#general">General
19)     questions:</a></h4>

20)     <ul>
21)     <li><a href="#WhatIsTor">What is Tor?</a></li>

22)     <li><a href="#Torisdifferent">How is Tor different from other proxies?
23)     </a></li>
24)     <li><a href="#CompatibleApplications">What programs can I use with Tor?
25)     </a></li>

26)     <li><a href="#WhyCalledTor">Why is it called Tor?</a></li>
27)     <li><a href="#Backdoor">Is there a backdoor in Tor?</a></li>

28)     <li><a href="#DistributingTor">Can I distribute Tor?</a></li>

29)     <li><a href="#SupportMail">How can I get support?</a></li>

30)     <li><a href="#Forum">Is there a Tor forum?</a></li>

31)     <li><a href="#WhySlow">Why is Tor so slow?</a></li>

32)     <li><a href="#FileSharing">How can I share files anonymously through Tor?
33)     </a></li>

34)     <li><a href="#Funding">What would The Tor Project do with more funding?
35)     </a></li>

36)     <li><a href="#IsItWorking">How can I tell if Tor is working, and that my

37)     connections really are anonymized?</a></li>

38)     <li><a href="#Mobile">Can I use Tor on my phone or mobile device?</a></li>

39)     <li><a href="#OutboundPorts">Which outbound ports must be open when using
40)     Tor as a client?</a></li>

41)     <li><a href="#FTP">How do I use my browser for ftp with Tor?</a></li>

42)     <li><a href="#NoDataScrubbing">Does Tor remove personal information from
43)     the data my application sends?</a></li>
44)     <li><a href="#Metrics">How many people use Tor? How many relays or exit
45)     nodes are there?</a></li>

46)     </ul>

47) 

48)     <a id="comp-install"></a>

49)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#comp-install">
50)     Compilation and Installation:</a></h4>

51) 

52)     <ul>
53)     <li><a href="#HowUninstallTor">How do I uninstall Tor?</a></li>
54)     <li><a href="#PGPSigs">What are these "sig" files on the download
55)     page?</a></li>

56)     <li><a href="#GetTor">Your website is blocked in my country. How
57)     do I download Tor?</a></li>

58)     <li><a href="#VirusFalsePositives">Why does my Tor executable appear to

59)     have a virus or spyware?</a></li>

60)     <li><a href="#tarballs">How do I open a .tar.gz or .tar.xz file?</a></li>

61)     <li><a href="#LiveCD">Is there a LiveCD or other bundle that includes Tor?
62)     </a></li>

63)     </ul>

64) 

65)     <a id="tbb"></a>

66)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#tbb">Tor Browser
67)     (general):</a></h4>

68)     <ul>

69) 

70)     <li><a href="#TBBFlash">Why can't I view videos on YouTube and other
71)     Flash-based sites?</a></li>

72)     <li><a href="#Ubuntu">I'm using Ubuntu, and I can't start Tor Browser.

73)     </a></li>

74)     <li><a href="#SophosOnMac">I'm using the Sophos anti-virus

75)     software on my Mac, and Tor starts but I can't browse anywhere.</a></li>

76)     <li><a href="#XPCOMError">When I start Tor Browser I get an  error message:
77)     "Cannot load XPCOM".</a></li>

78)     <li><a href="#TBBOtherExtensions">Can I install other Firefox

79)     extensions? Which extensions should I avoid using?</a></li>

80)     <li><a href="#TBBJavaScriptEnabled">Why is NoScript configured to allow
81)     JavaScript by default in Tor Browser?  Isn't that unsafe?</a></li>

82)     <li><a href="#TBBOtherBrowser">I want to use Chrome/IE/Opera/etc
83)     with Tor.</a></li>

84)     <li><a href="#GoogleCAPTCHA">Google makes me solve a CAPTCHA or tells

85)     me I have spyware installed.</a></li>

86)     <li><a href="#ForeignLanguages">Why does Google show up in foreign

87)     languages?</a></li>

88)     <li><a href="#GmailWarning">Gmail warns me that my account may have
89)     been compromised.</a></li>

90)     <li><a href="#NeedToUseAProxy">My internet connection requires an HTTP

91)     or SOCKS Proxy</a></li>

92)     <li><a href="#TBBSocksPort">I want to
93)     run another application through Tor.</a></li>

94)     <li><a href="#CantSetProxy">What should I do if I can't set a proxy

95)     with my application?</a></li>

96)     </ul>
97) 

98)     <a id="tbb-3plus"></a>

99)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#tbb-3plus">Tor
100)     Browser (3.x and later):</a></h4>

101) 
102)     <ul>

103)     <li><a href="#DisableJS">How do I disable JavaScript?</a></li>

104)     <li><a href="#VerifyDownload">How do I verify the download

105)     (sha256sums.txt)?</a></li>

106)     <li><a href="#NewIdentityClosingTabs">Why does "New Identity" close

107)     all my open tabs?</a></li>

108)     <li><a href="#ConfigureRelayOrBridge">How do I configure Tor as a relay

109)     or bridge?</a></li>
110)     <li><a href="#Timestamps">Why are the file timestamps from 2000?</a></li>

111)     <li><a href="#TBBSourceCode">Where is the source code for Tor Browser?

112)     How do I verify a build?</a></li>

113)     </ul>
114) 

115)     <a id="advanced"></a>

116)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#advanced">Advanced
117)     Tor usage:</a></h4>

118) 

119)     <ul>
120)     <li><a href="#torrc">I'm supposed to "edit my torrc". What does
121)     that mean?</a></li>

122)     <li><a href="#Logs">How do I set up logging, or see Tor's

123)     logs?</a></li>

124)     <li><a href="#LogLevel">What log level should I use?</a></li>

125)     <li><a href="#DoesntWork">Tor is running, but it's not working
126)     correctly.</a></li>

127)     <li><a href="#TorCrash">My Tor keeps crashing.</a></li>

128)     <li><a href="#ChooseEntryExit">Can I control which nodes (or country)

129)     are used for entry/exit?</a></li>

130)     <li><a href="#FirewallPorts">My firewall only allows a few outgoing
131)     ports.</a></li>

132)     <li><a href="#DefaultExitPorts">Is there a list of default exit ports?
133)     </a></li>

134)     <li><a href="#WarningsAboutSOCKSandDNSInformationLeaks">I keep seeing
135)     these warnings about SOCKS and DNS information leaks. Should I

136)     worry?</a></li>

137)     <li><a href="#SocksAndDNS">How do I check if my application that uses

138)     SOCKS is leaking DNS requests?</a></li>

139)     <li><a href="#TorClientOnADifferentComputerThanMyApplications">I want to
140)     run my Tor client on a

141)     different computer than my applications.</a></li>
142)     <li><a href="#ServerClient">Can I install Tor on a central server, and
143)     have my clients connect to it?</a></li>

144)     </ul>

145) 

146)     <a id="relay"></a>

147)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#relay">Running a
148)     Tor relay:</a></h4>

149)     <ul>

150) 
151)     <li><a href="#HowDoIDecide">How do I decide if I should run a relay?
152)     </a></li>

153)     <li><a href="#MostNeededRelayType">What type of relays are most needed?
154)     </a></li>

155)     <li><a href="#WhyIsntMyRelayBeingUsedMore">Why isn't my relay being

156)     used more?</a></li>

157)     <li><a href="#IDontHaveAStaticIP">Can I run a Tor relay using a dynamic IP
158)     address?</a></li>

159)     <li><a href="#IPv6Relay">Can I use IPv6 on my relay?</a></li>

160)     <li><a href="#PortscannedMore">Why do I get portscanned more often

161)     when I run a Tor relay?</a></li>

162)     <li><a href="#HighCapacityConnection">How can I get Tor to fully

163)     make use of my high capacity connection?</a></li>

164)     <li><a href="#RelayFlexible">How stable does my relay need to be?</a></li>

165)     <li><a href="#BandwidthShaping">What bandwidth shaping options are

166)     available to Tor relays?</a></li>

167)     <li><a href="#LimitTotalBandwidth">How can I limit the total amount

168)     of bandwidth used by my Tor relay?</a></li>

169)     <li><a href="#RelayWritesMoreThanItReads">Why does my relay write

170)     more bytes onto the network than it reads?</a></li>

171)     <li><a href="#Hibernation">Why can I not browse anymore after

172)     limiting bandwidth on my Tor relay?</a></li>

173)     <li><a href="#ExitPolicies">I'd run a relay, but I don't want to deal

174)     with abuse issues.</a></li>

175)     <li><a href="#PackagedTor">Should I install Tor from my package manager,

176)     or build from source?</a></li>

177)     <li><a href="#WhatIsTheBadExitFlag">What is the BadExit flag?</a></li>

178)     <li><a href="#IGotTheBadExitFlagWhyDidThatHappen">I got the BadExit flag.

179)     Why did that happen?</a></li>

180)     <li><a href="#MyRelayRecentlyGotTheGuardFlagAndTrafficDroppedByHalf">My

181)     relay recently got the Guard flag and traffic dropped by half.</a></li>

182)     <li><a href="#JoinTheNetwork">So I can just configure a nickname and

183)     ORPort and join the network?</a></li>

184)     <li><a href="#RelayOrBridge">Should I be a normal relay or bridge
185)     relay?</a></li>

186)     <li><a href="#UpgradeOrMove">I want to upgrade/move my relay. How do I

187)     keep the same key?</a></li>

188)     <li><a href="#OfflineED25519">How do offline ed25519 identity keys work?
189)     What do I need to know?</a></li>

190)     <li><a href="#MultipleRelays">I want to run more than one relay.</a></li>

191)     <li><a href="#NTService">How do I run my Tor relay as an NT service?
192)     </a></li>

193)     <li><a href="#VirtualServer">Can I run a Tor relay from my virtual server

194)     account?</a></li>

195)     <li><a href="#WrongIP">My relay is picking the wrong IP address.</a></li>
196)     <li><a href="#BehindANAT">I'm behind a NAT/Firewall</a></li>

197)     <li><a href="#OutgoingFirewall">How should I configure the outgoing filters
198)     on my relay?</a></li>

199)     <li><a href="#RelayMemory">Why is my Tor relay using so much memory?
200)     </a></li>
201)     <li><a href="#BetterAnonymity">Do I get better anonymity if I run a relay?
202)     </a></li>

203)     <li><a href="#FacingLegalTrouble">I'm facing legal trouble. How do I

204)     prove that my server was a Tor relay at a given time?</a></li>

205)     <li><a href="#RelayDonations">Can I donate for a relay rather than
206)     run my own?</a></li>

207)     </ul>

208) 

209)     <a id="onion-services"></a>

210)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#onion-services">
211)     Tor onion services:</a></h4>

212) 

213)     <ul>

214)     <li><a href="#AccessOnionServices">How do I access onion services?</a></li>

215)     <li><a href="#ProvideAnOnionService">How do I provide an onion service?
216)     </a></li>

217)     </ul>

218) 

219)     <a id="dev"></a>

220)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#dev">Development:
221)     </a></h4>

222) 

223)     <ul>

224)     <li><a href="#VersionNumbers">What do these weird version numbers

225)     mean?</a></li>
226)     <li><a href="#PrivateTorNetwork">How do I set up my own private
227)     Tor network?</a></li>

228)     <li><a href="#UseTorWithJava">How can I make my Java program use the

229)     Tor network?</a></li>
230)     <li><a href="#WhatIsLibevent">What is Libevent?</a></li>

231)     <li><a href="#MyNewFeature">What do I need to do to get a new feature

232)     into Tor?</a></li>
233)     </ul>
234) 

235)     <a id="anonsec"></a>

236)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#anonsec">Anonymity
237)     and Security:</a></h4>

238)     <ul>

239)     <li><a href="#WhatProtectionsDoesTorProvide">What protections does Tor

240)     provide?</a></li>

241)     <li><a href="#CanExitNodesEavesdrop">Can exit nodes eavesdrop on

242)     communications? Isn't that bad? </a></li>

243)     <li><a href="#AmITotallyAnonymous">So I'm totally anonymous if I use

244)     Tor?</a></li>

245)     <li><a href="#KeyManagement">Tell me about all the keys Tor uses.</a></li>

246)     <li><a href="#EntryGuards">What are Entry Guards?</a></li>

247)     <li><a href="#ChangePaths">How often does Tor change its paths?</a></li>

248)     <li><a href="#CellSize">Tor uses hundreds of bytes for every IRC line. I

249)     can't afford that!</a></li>

250)     <li><a href="#OutboundConnections">Why does netstat show these outbound

251)     connections?</a></li>
252)     <li><a href="#PowerfulBlockers">What about powerful blocking mechanisms
253)     </a></li>

254)     <li><a href="#RemotePhysicalDeviceFingerprinting">Does Tor resist

255)     "remote physical device fingerprinting"?</a></li>

256)     <li><a href="#IsTorLikeAVPN">Is Tor like a VPN?</a></li>

257)     <li><a href="#Proxychains">Aren't 10 proxies (proxychains) better than

258)     Tor with only 3 hops?</a></li>

259)     <li><a href="#AttacksOnOnionRouting">What attacks remain against onion

260)     routing?</a></li>

261)     <li><a href="#LearnMoreAboutAnonymity">Where can I learn more about
262)     anonymity?</a></li>

263)     </ul>

264) 

265)     <a id="altdesigns"></a>

266)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#altdesigns">
267)     Alternate designs that we don't do (yet):</a></h4>

268) 

269)     <ul>
270)     <li><a href="#EverybodyARelay">You should make every Tor user be a
271)     relay.</a></li>

272)     <li><a href="#TransportIPnotTCP">You should transport all IP packets,

273)     not just TCP packets.</a></li>

274)     <li><a href="#HideExits">You should hide the list of Tor relays,
275)     so people can't block the exits.</a></li>

276)     <li><a href="#ChoosePathLength">You should let people choose their path

277)     length.</a></li>

278)     <li><a href="#SplitEachConnection">You should split each connection over

279)     many paths.</a></li>

280)     <li><a href="#MigrateApplicationStreamsAcrossCircuits">You should migrate

281)     application streams across circuits.</a></li>

282)     <li><a href="#LetTheNetworkPickThePath">You should let the network pick

283)     the path, not the client.</a></li>

284)     <li><a href="#UnallocatedNetBlocks">Your default exit policy should block

285)     unallocated net blocks too.</a></li>

286)     <li><a href="#BlockWebsites">Exit policies should be able to block

287)     websites, not just IP addresses.</a></li>

288)     <li><a href="#BlockContent">You should change Tor to prevent users from

289)     posting certain content.</a></li>

290)     <li><a href="#SendPadding">You should send padding so it's more secure.
291)     </a></li>

292)     <li><a href="#Steganography">You should use steganography to hide Tor

293)     traffic.</a></li>

294)     </ul>

295) 

296)     <a id="abuse"></a>

297)     <h4 style="margin-bottom: 18px"><a class="anchor" href="#abuse">Abuse:
298)     </a></h4>

299)     <ul>

300)     <li><a href="#Criminals">Doesn't Tor enable criminals to do bad things?
301)     </a></li>

302)     <li><a href="#RespondISP">How do I respond to my ISP about my exit
303)     relay?</a></li>

304)     <li><a href="#HelpPoliceOrLawyers">I have questions about a Tor IP address
305)     for a legal case.</a></li>

306)     </ul>

307) 

308)     <p>For other questions not yet on this version of the FAQ, see the

309)     <a href="<wikifaq>">wiki FAQ</a> for now.
310)     </p>

311) 

312)     <hr>

313) 

314)     <a id="General"></a>

315)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#General">General:</a></h2>

316) 

317)     <a id="WhatIsTor"></a>
318)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhatIsTor">What is Tor?</a></h3>

319) 

320)     <p>
321)     The name "Tor" can refer to several different components.
322)     </p>

323) 

324)     <p>

325)     Tor is a program you can run on your computer that helps keep
326)     you safe on the Internet. It protects you by bouncing your communications

327)     around a distributed network of relays run by volunteers all around

328)     the world: it prevents somebody watching your Internet connection from

329)     learning what sites you visit, and it prevents the sites you visit

330)     from learning your physical location.
331)     This set of volunteer relays is called the <b>Tor network</b>.
332)     The way most people use Tor is with <b>Tor Browser</b>,
333)     which is a version of Firefox that fixes many privacy issues.
334)     You can read more about how Tor works on the <a href="<page
335)     about/overview>">overview page</a>.

336)     </p>

337) 

338)     <p>

339)     The <b>Tor Project</b> is a non-profit (charity) organization that
340)     maintains and develops the Tor software.

341)     </p>

342) 

343)     <hr>

344) 

345)     <a id="Torisdifferent"></a>

346)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Torisdifferent">How is Tor different from other
347)     proxies?</a></h3>
348)     <p>
349)     A typical proxy provider sets up a server somewhere on the Internet and
350)     allows you to use it to relay your traffic. This creates a simple, easy to
351)     maintain architecture. The users all enter and leave through the same server.
352)     The provider may charge for use of the proxy, or fund their costs through
353)     advertisements on the server.  In the simplest configuration, you don't have
354)     to install anything.  You just have to point your browser at their proxy
355)     server.
356)     Simple proxy providers are fine solutions if you do not want protections for
357)     your privacy and anonymity online and you trust the provider to not do bad
358)     things.  Some simple proxy providers use SSL to secure your connection
359)     to them, which protects you against local eavesdroppers, such as those at a
360)     cafe with free wifi Internet.
361)     </p>
362)     <p>
363)     Simple proxy providers also create a single point of failure. The provider
364)     knows both who you are and what you browse on the Internet. They can see
365)     your traffic as it passes through their server.  In some cases, they can
366)     even see inside your encrypted traffic as they relay it to your banking
367)     site or to ecommerce stores.
368)     You have to trust the provider isn't watching your traffic, injecting their
369)     own advertisements into your traffic stream, or recording your personal
370)     details.
371)     </p>
372)     <p>
373)     Tor passes your traffic through at least 3 different servers before sending
374)     it on to the destination. Because there's a separate layer of encryption for
375)     each of the three relays, somebody watching your Internet connection can't
376)     modify, or read, what you are sending into the Tor network. Your traffic is
377)     encrypted between the Tor client (on your computer) and where it pops out
378)     somewhere else in the world.
379)     </p>

380)     <p>
381)     <dl>

382)     <dt>Doesn't the first server see who I am?</dt>
383)     <dd>Possibly. A bad first of three servers can see encrypted Tor traffic
384)     coming from your computer. It still doesn't know who you are and what you
385)     are doing over Tor.  It merely sees "This IP address is using Tor".  Tor is
386)     not illegal anywhere in the world, so using Tor by itself is fine.  You are
387)     still protected from this node figuring out both who you are and where you
388)     are going on the Internet.
389)     </dd>
390)     <dt>Can't the third server see my traffic?</dt>
391)     <dd>Possibly.  A bad third of three servers can see the traffic you sent
392)     into Tor.  It won't know who sent this traffic.  If you're using encryption
393)     (like HTTPS), it will only know the destination. See
394)     <a href="https://www.eff.org/pages/tor-and-https">this visualization of Tor
395)     and HTTPS</a> to understand how Tor and HTTPS interact.
396)     </dd>

397)     </dl>
398)     </p>

399) 

400)     <hr>

401) 

402)     <a id="CompatibleApplications"></a>

403)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#CompatibleApplications">What programs can I
404)     use with Tor?</a></h3>

405) 

406)     <p>

407)     Most people use Tor Browser,

408)     which includes everything you need to browse the web safely using

409)     Tor. Using other browsers is <a href="#TBBOtherBrowser">dangerous
410)     and not recommended</a>.

411)     </p>
412)     <p>
413)     There are plenty of other programs you can use with Tor,
414)     but we haven't researched the application-level anonymity

415)     issues on all of them well enough to be able to recommend a safe

416)     configuration. Our wiki has a community-maintained list of
417)     instructions for <a

418)     href="<wiki>doc/TorifyHOWTO">Torifying

419)     specific applications</a>.

420)     Please add to these lists and help us keep them accurate!
421)     </p>

422) 

423)     <hr>

424) 

425)     <a id="WhyCalledTor"></a>

426)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhyCalledTor">Why is it called Tor?</a></h3>

427) 

428)     <p>
429)     Because Tor is the onion routing network. When we were starting the
430)     new next-generation design and implementation of onion routing in
431)     2001-2002, we would tell people we were working on onion routing,
432)     and they would say "Neat. Which one?" Even if onion routing has
433)     become a standard household term, Tor was born out of the actual <a
434)     href="http://www.onion-router.net/">onion routing project</a> run by
435)     the Naval Research Lab.
436)     </p>

437) 

438)     <p>
439)     (It's also got a fine translation from German and Turkish.)
440)     </p>

441) 

442)     <p>

443)     Note: even though it originally came from an acronym, Tor is not spelled

444)     "TOR". Only the first letter is capitalized. In fact, we can usually

445)     spot people who haven't read any of our website (and have instead learned
446)     everything they know about Tor from news articles) by the fact that they

447)     spell it wrong.
448)     </p>

449) 

450)     <hr>

451) 

452)     <a id="Backdoor"></a>

453)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Backdoor">Is there a backdoor in Tor?</a></h3>

454) 

455)     <p>

456)     There is absolutely no backdoor in Tor.  We know some smart lawyers
457)     who say that it's unlikely that anybody will try to make us add one
458)     in our jurisdiction (U.S.). If they do ask us, we will fight them,
459)     and (the lawyers say) probably win.

460)     </p>

461) 

462)     <p>

463)     We will
464)     <a href="https://media.ccc.de/v/31c3_-_6251_-_en_-_saal_1_-_201412301400_-_state_of_the_onion_-_jacob_-_arma">
465)     never</a> put a backdoor in Tor.
466)     We think that putting a backdoor in Tor would be tremendously irresponsible
467)     to our users, and a bad precedent for security software in general. If we
468)     ever put a deliberate backdoor in our security software, it would ruin our
469)     professional reputations.
470)     Nobody would trust our software ever again &mdash; for excellent reason!

471)     </p>

472) 

473)     <p>

474)     But that said, there are still plenty of subtle attacks people might try.
475)     Somebody might impersonate us, or break into our computers, or something
476)     like that. Tor is open source, and you should always check the source (or
477)     at least the diffs since the last release) for suspicious things. If we (or
478)     the distributors) don't give you source, that's a sure sign something funny
479)     might be going on. You should also check the
480)     <a href="<page docs/verifying-signatures>">PGP signatures</a> on the
481)     releases, to make sure nobody messed with the distribution sites.

482)     </p>

483) 

484)     <p>
485)     Also, there might be accidental bugs in Tor that could affect your

486)     anonymity. We periodically find and fix anonymity-related bugs, so

487)     make sure you keep your Tor versions up-to-date.

488)     </p>

489) 

490)     <hr>

491) 

492)     <a id="DistributingTor"></a>

493)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#DistributingTor">Can I distribute Tor?</a></h3>

494) 

495)     <p>
496)     Yes.
497)     </p>

498) 

499)     <p>

500)     The Tor software is <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">free software</a>. This
501)     means we give you the rights to redistribute the Tor software, either
502)     modified or unmodified, either for a fee or gratis. You don't have to

503)     ask us for specific permission.
504)     </p>

505) 

506)     <p>

507)     However, if you want to redistribute the Tor software you must follow our

508)     <a href="<gitblob>LICENSE">LICENSE</a>.

509)     Essentially this means that you need to include our LICENSE file along

510)     with whatever part of the Tor software you're distributing.
511)     </p>

512) 

513)     <p>

514)     Most people who ask us this question don't want to distribute just the

515)     Tor software, though. They want to distribute the <a

516)     href="<page projects/torbrowser>">Tor Browser</a>. This includes <a

517)     href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/organizations/">Firefox

518)     Extended Support Release</a>, and the NoScript and HTTPS-Everywhere
519)     extensions. You will need to follow the license for those programs as
520)     well. Both of those Firefox extensions are distributed under

521)     the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General

522)     Public License</a>, while Firefox ESR is released under the Mozilla Public
523)     License. The simplest way to obey their licenses is to include the source
524)     code for these programs everywhere you include the bundles themselves.

525)     </p>

526) 

527)     <p>

528)     Also, you should make sure not to confuse your readers about what Tor is,
529)     who makes it, and what properties it provides (and doesn't provide). See
530)     our <a href="<page docs/trademark-faq>">trademark FAQ</a> for details.

531)     </p>

532) 

533)     <hr>

534) 

535)     <a id="SupportMail"></a>

536)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#SupportMail">How can I get support?</a></h3>

537) 

538)     <p>See the <a href="<page about/contact>#support">Support section
539)     on the contact page</a>.

540) 

541)     <hr>

542) 

543)     <a id="Forum"></a>
544)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Forum">Is there a Tor forum?</a></h3>
545) 

546)     <p>We have a <a href="https://tor.stackexchange.com/">StackExchange

547)     page</a> that is currently in public beta.

548)     </p>
549) 
550)     <hr>
551) 

552)     <a id="WhySlow"></a>
553)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhySlow">Why is Tor so slow?</a></h3>

554) 

555)     <p>
556)     There are many reasons why the Tor network is currently slow.
557)     </p>

558) 

559)     <p>

560)     Before we answer, though, you should realize that Tor is never going to
561)     be blazing fast. Your traffic is bouncing through volunteers' computers
562)     in various parts of the world, and some bottlenecks and network latency

563)     will always be present. You shouldn't expect to see university-style
564)     bandwidth through Tor.
565)     </p>

566) 

567)     <p>

568)     But that doesn't mean that it can't be improved. The current Tor network
569)     is quite small compared to the number of people trying to use it, and
570)     many of these users don't understand or care that Tor can't currently

571)     handle file-sharing traffic load.
572)     </p>

573) 

574)     <p>

575)     For the much more in-depth answer, see
576)     <a href="<blog>why-tor-is-slow">Roger's blog post on the topic</a>,
577)     which includes both a detailed PDF and a video to go with it.

578)     </p>

579) 

580)     <p>
581)     What can you do to help?
582)     </p>

583) 

584)     <ul>

585) 

586)     <li>

587)     <a href="<page docs/tor-doc-relay>">Configure your Tor to relay traffic
588)     for others</a>. Help make the Tor network large enough that we can handle

589)     all the users who want privacy and security on the Internet.
590)     </li>

591) 

592)     <li>

593)     Help us make Tor more usable. We

594)     especially need people to help make it easier to configure your Tor
595)     as a relay. Also, we need help with clear simple documentation to
596)     walk people through setting it up.
597)     </li>

598) 

599)     <li>

600)     There are some bottlenecks in the current Tor network. Help us design
601)     experiments to track down and demonstrate where the problems are, and

602)     then we can focus better on fixing them.
603)     </li>

604) 

605)     <li>
606)     Tor needs some architectural changes too. One important change is to

607)     start providing <a href="#EverybodyARelay">better service to people who
608)     relay traffic</a>. We're working on this, and we'll finish faster if we

609)     get to spend more time on it.
610)     </li>

611) 

612)     <li>

613)     Help do other things so we can do the hard stuff. Please take a moment
614)     to figure out what your skills and interests are, and then
615)     <a href="<page getinvolved/volunteer>">look at our volunteer page</a>.

616)     </li>

617) 

618)     <li>

619)     Help find sponsors for Tor. Do you work at a company or government agency

620)     that uses Tor or has a use for Internet privacy, e.g. to browse the

621)     competition's websites discreetly, or to connect back to the home servers
622)     when on the road without revealing affiliations? If your organization has
623)     an interest in keeping the Tor network working, please contact them about
624)     supporting Tor. Without sponsors, Tor is going to become even slower.

625)     </li>

626) 

627)     <li>
628)     If you can't help out with any of the above, you can still help out

629)     individually by <a href="<page donate/donate>">donating a bit of money to
630)     the cause</a>. It adds up!

631)     </li>

632) 

633)     </ul>

634) 

635)     <hr>

636) 

637)     <a id="FileSharing"></a>

638)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#FileSharing">How can I share files

639)     anonymously through Tor?</a></h3>

640) 
641)     <p>

642)     File sharing (peer-to-peer/P2P) is widely unwanted in the Tor network,
643)     and exit nodes are configured to block file sharing traffic by default.
644)     Tor is not really designed for it, and file sharing through Tor slows

645)     down everyone's browsing. Also, Bittorrent over Tor
646)     <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/bittorrent-over-tor-isnt-good-idea">

647)     is not anonymous</a>!

648)     </p>
649) 
650)     <hr>
651) 

652)     <a id="Funding"></a>

653)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Funding">What would The Tor Project do with
654)     more funding?</a></h3>

655) 

656)     <p>

657)     The Tor network's
658)     <a href="https://metrics.torproject.org/networksize.html">several thousand
659)     </a> relays push <a href="https://metrics.torproject.org/bandwidth.html">
660)     around 100 Gbps on average</a>. We have
661)     <a href="https://metrics.torproject.org/userstats-relay-country.html">
662)     millions of daily users</a>. But the Tor network is not yet self-sustaining.

663)     </p>

664) 

665)     <p>

666)     There are six main development/maintenance pushes that need attention:

667)     </p>

668) 

669)     <ul>

670) 

671)     <li>

672)     Scalability: We need to keep scaling and decentralizing the Tor architecture
673)     so it can handle thousands of relays and millions of users. The upcoming
674)     stable release is a major improvement, but there's lots more to be done next
675)     in terms of keeping Tor fast and stable.

676)     </li>

677) 

678)     <li>

679)     User support: With this many users, a lot of people are asking questions
680)     all the time, offering to help out with things, and so on. We need good
681)     clean docs, and we need to spend some effort coordinating volunteers.

682)     </li>

683) 

684)     <li>

685)     Relay support: the Tor network is run by volunteers, but they still need

686)     attention with prompt bug fixes, explanations when things go wrong,

687)     reminders to upgrade, and so on. The network itself is a commons, and
688)     somebody needs to spend some energy making sure the relay operators stay
689)     happy. We also need to work on stability on some platforms — e.g.,

690)     Tor relays have problems on Win XP currently.

691)     </li>

692) 

693)     <li>

694)     Usability: Beyond documentation, we also need to work on usability of the
695)     software itself. This includes installers, clean GUIs, easy configuration
696)     to interface with other applications, and generally automating all of

697)     the difficult and confusing steps inside Tor.
698)     Usability for privacy software has never been easy.

699)     </li>

700) 

701)     <li>
702)     Incentives: We need to work on ways to encourage people to configure
703)     their Tors as relays and exit nodes rather than just clients.

704)     <a href="#EverybodyARelay">We need to make it easy to become a relay,

705)     and we need to give people incentives to do it.</a>
706)     </li>

707) 

708)     <li>

709)     Research: The anonymous communications field is full of surprises and
710)     gotchas. In our copious free time, we also help run top anonymity and
711)     privacy conferences like <a href="http://petsymposium.org/">PETS</a>.
712)     We've identified a set of critical
713)     <a href="<page getinvolved/volunteer>#Research">Tor research questions</a>
714)     that will help us figure out how to make Tor secure against the variety of
715)     attacks out there. Of course, there are more research questions waiting

716)     behind these.
717)     </li>

718) 

719)     </ul>

720) 

721)     <p>
722)     We're continuing to move forward on all of these, but at this rate

723)     <a href="#WhySlow">the Tor network is growing faster than the developers

724)     can keep up</a>.

725)     Now would be an excellent time to add a few more developers to the effort

726)     so we can continue to grow the network.
727)     </p>

728) 

729)     <p>
730)     We are also excited about tackling related problems, such as
731)     censorship-resistance.
732)     </p>

733) 

734)     <p>

735)     We are proud to have
736)     <a href="<page about/sponsors>">sponsorship and support</a> from the Omidyar
737)     Network, the International Broadcasting Bureau, Bell Security Solutions,
738)     the Electronic Frontier Foundation, several government agencies and research
739)     groups, and hundreds of private contributors.

740)     </p>

741) 

742)     <p>

743)     However, this support is not enough to keep Tor abreast of changes in the
744)     Internet privacy landscape. Please <a href="<page donate/donate>">donate</a>
745)     to the project, or <a href="<page about/contact>">contact</a> our executive

746)     director for information on making grants or major donations.
747)     </p>

748) 

749)     <hr>
750) 
751) 
752)     <a id="Mobile"></a>

753)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Mobile">Can I use Tor on my phone or mobile

754)     device?</a></h3>
755) 
756)     <p>

757)     Tor on Android devices is maintained by the <a
758)     href="https://guardianproject.info">Guardian Project</a>. Currently, there
759)     is no supported way of using Tor on iOS; the Guardian Project is

760)     working to make this a reality in the future.
761)     </p>
762) 

763)     <hr>
764) 

765)     <a id="OutboundPorts"></a>

766)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#OutboundPorts">Which outbound ports must be
767)     open when using Tor as a client?</a></h3>

768)     <p>

769)     Tor may attempt to connect to any port that is advertised in the
770)     directory as an ORPort (for making Tor connections) or a DirPort (for

771)     fetching updates to the directory). There are a variety of these ports:
772)     many of them are running on 80, 443, 9001, and 9030, but many use other
773)     ports too.

774)     </p>
775)     <p>

776)     When using Tor as a client, you could probably get away with opening only
777)     those four ports. Since Tor does all its connections in the background, it
778)     will retry ones that fail, and hopefully you'll never have to know that it
779)     failed, as long as it finds a working one often enough. However, to get the
780)     most diversity in your entry nodes — and thus the most security

781)     — as well as the most robustness in your connectivity, you'll
782)     want to let it connect to all of them.
783)     See the FAQ entry on <a href="#FirewallPorts">firewalled ports</a> if
784)     you want to explicitly tell your Tor client which ports are reachable
785)     for you.
786)     </p>

787) 

788)     <hr>

789) 

790)     <a id="IsItWorking"></a>

791)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#IsItWorking">How can I tell if Tor is

792)     working, and that my connections really are anonymized?</a></h3>

793) 
794)     <p>

795)     There are sites you can visit that will tell you if you appear to be

796)     coming through the Tor network. Try the
797)     <a href="https://check.torproject.org">Tor Check</a> site and see whether
798)     it thinks you are using Tor or not.

799)     </p>

800) 

801)     <hr>

802) 

803)     <a id="FTP"></a>
804)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#FTP">How do I use my browser for ftp with Tor?
805)     </a></h3>
806) 

807)     <p>

808)     Use <a href="https://torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html">Tor
809)     Browser</a>. If you want a separate application for an

810)     ftp client, we've heard good things about  FileZilla for Windows. You can
811)     configure it to point to Tor as a "socks4a" proxy on "localhost" port
812)     "9050".

813)     </p>

814) 

815)     <hr>

816) 

817)     <a id="NoDataScrubbing"></a>

818)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#NoDataScrubbing">Does Tor remove personal

819)     information from the data my application sends?</a></h3>
820) 

821)     <p>No, it doesn't. You need to use a separate program that understands
822)     your application and protocol and knows how to clean or "scrub" the data

823)     it sends. Tor Browser tries to keep application-level data,
824)     like the user-agent string, uniform for all users. Tor Browser can't

825)     do anything about text that you type into forms, though. <a

826)     href="<page download/download-easy>#warning">Be

827)     careful and be smart.</a>
828)     </p>
829) 
830)     <hr>
831) 

832)     <a id="Metrics"></a>

833)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Metrics">How many people use Tor? How

834)     many relays or exit nodes are there?</a></h3>

835) 

836)     <p>
837)     All this and more about measuring Tor can be found at the <a

838)     href="https://metrics.torproject.org/">Tor Metrics Portal</a>.</p>

839)     <hr>

840) 

841)     <a id="CompilationAndInstallation"></a>

842)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#CompilationAndInstallation">Compilation And
843)     Installation:</a></h2>

844) 

845)     <a id="HowUninstallTor"></a>

846)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#HowUninstallTor">How do I uninstall Tor?
847)     </a></h3>

848) 
849)     <p>

850)     Tor Browser does not install itself in the classic sense of applications.
851)     You just simply delete the folder or directory named "Tor Browser" and it
852)     is removed from your system.

853)     </p>

854) 

855)     <p>

856)     If this is not related to Tor Browser, uninstallation depends entirely on
857)     how you installed it and which operating system you have. If you installed
858)     a package, then hopefully your package has a way to uninstall itself.
859)     The Windows packages include uninstallers.

860)     </p>

861) 

862)     <p>

863)     For Mac OS X, follow the
864)     <a href="<page docs/tor-doc-osx>#uninstall">uninstall directions</a>.

865)     </p>

866) 

867)     <p>

868)     If you installed by source, I'm afraid there is no easy uninstall method.
869)     But on the bright side, by default it only installs into /usr/local/ and it
870)     should be pretty easy to notice things there.

871)     </p>

872) 

873)     <hr>

874) 

875)     <a id="PGPSigs"></a>

876)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#PGPSigs">What are these "sig" files on the
877)     download page?</a></h3>
878) 
879)     <p>
880)     These are PGP signatures, so you can verify that the file you've downloaded
881)     is exactly the one that we intended you to get.
882)     </p>
883) 
884)     <p>
885)     Please read the
886)     <a href="<page docs/verifying-signatures>">verifying signatures</a>
887)     page for details.
888)     </p>
889) 
890)     <hr>
891) 
892)     <a id="GetTor"></a>
893)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#GetTor">Your website is blocked in my country.
894)     How do I download Tor?</a></h3>
895) 
896)     <p>
897)     Some government or corporate firewalls censor connections to Tor's website.
898)     In those cases, you have three options. First, get it from a friend &mdash;
899)     <a href="<page projects/torbrowser>">Tor Browser</a> fits nicely on a USB
900)     key. Second, find the
901)     <a href="https://encrypted.google.com/search?q=tor+mirrors">google cache</a>
902)     for the <a href="<page getinvolved/mirrors>">Tor mirrors</a> page and see if
903)     any of those copies of our website work for you. Third, you can download Tor
904)     Browser via email: log in to your email account and send an email to
905)     '<tt>gettor@torproject.org</tt>' with one of the following words in the
906)     body of the message: <tt>windows</tt>, <tt>osx</tt> or <tt>linux</tt>
907)     (case insensitive).
908)     You will receive a reply with links from popular cloud services to download
909)     Tor Browser for Windows, Mac OS X or Linux, depending on the option you
910)     chose. Currently, the only cloud service supported is Dropbox. If you send
911)     a blank message or anything different from the options mentioned, you will
912)     receive a help message with detailed instructions to ask for Tor Browser
913)     via email. Please note that you can use this service from any email address:
914)     gmail, yahoo, hotmail, riseup, etc. The only restriction is that you can do
915)     a maximum of three requests in a row, after that you'll have to wait 20
916)     minutes to use it again. See the
917)     <a href="../projects/gettor.html">GetTor</a> section for more information.
918)     </p>
919) 
920)     <p>
921)     Be sure to <a href="<page docs/verifying-signatures>">verify the
922)     signature</a> of any package you download, especially when you get it from
923)     somewhere other than our official HTTPS website.
924)     </p>

925) 

926)     <hr>

927) 

928)     <a id="VirusFalsePositives"></a>

929)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#VirusFalsePositives">Why does my
930)     Tor executable appear to have a virus or spyware?</a></h3>

931)     <p>

932)     Sometimes, overzealous Windows virus and spyware detectors trigger on
933)     some parts of the Tor Windows binary. Our best guess is that these are
934)     false positives — after all, the anti-virus and anti-spyware business is
935)     just a guessing game anyway. You should contact your vendor and explain
936)     that you have a program that seems to be triggering false positives. Or

937)     pick a better vendor.
938)     </p>

939) 

940)     <p>In the meantime, we encourage you to not just take our word for it.
941)     Our job is to provide the source; if you're concerned, please do

942)     recompile it yourself.</p>
943) 
944)     <hr>
945) 

946)     <a id="tarballs"></a>

947)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#tarballs">How do I open a .tar.gz

948)     or .tar.xz file?</a></h3>

949) 
950)     <p>
951)     Tar is a common archive utility for Unix and Linux systems. If your

952)     system has a mouse, you can usually open them by double clicking.
953)     Otherwise open a command prompt and execute</p>

954) 
955)     <pre>tar xzf &lt;FILENAME&gt;.tar.gz</pre>
956)     or
957)     <pre>tar xJf &lt;FILENAME&gt;.tar.xz</pre>
958) 

959)     <p>

960)     as documented on tar's man page.

961)     </p>
962) 
963)     <hr>
964) 

965)     <a id="LiveCD"></a>

966)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#LiveCD">Is there a LiveCD or other bundle that
967)     includes Tor?</a></h3>

968) 

969)     <p>

970)     Yes.  Use <a href="https://tails.boum.org/">The Amnesic Incognito

971)     Live System</a> or <a href="<page projects/torbrowser>">Tor Browser</a>.

972)     </p>

973) 

974)     <hr>
975) 
976)     <a id="TBBGeneral"></a>
977)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#TBBGeneral">Tor Browser (general):</a></h2>
978) 
979)     <a id="TBBFlash"></a>
980)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBFlash">Why can't I view videos on some
981)     Flash-based sites?</a></h3>
982) 
983)     <p>
984)     Some sites require third party browser plugins such as Flash.
985)     Plugins operate independently from Firefox and can perform activity on your
986)     computer that ruins your anonymity. This includes but is not limited to:
987)     completely disregarding proxy settings, querying your
988)     <a href="http://forums.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=5162138&amp;messageID=9618376">
989)     local IP address</a>, and
990)     <a href="http://epic.org/privacy/cookies/flash.html">storing their
991)     owncookies</a>. It is possible to use a LiveCD solution such as or
992)     <a href="https://tails.boum.org/">The Amnesic Incognito Live System</a>
993)     that creates a secure, transparent proxy to protect you from proxy bypass,
994)     however issues with local IP address discovery and Flash cookies still remain.
995)     </p>
996) 
997)     <hr>
998) 
999)     <a id="Ubuntu"></a>
1000)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Ubuntu">I'm using Ubuntu and I can't start Tor
1001)     Browser.</a></h3>
1002)     <p>
1003)     You'll need to tell Ubuntu that you want the ability to execute shell
1004)     scripts from the graphical interface. Open "Files" (Unity's explorer), open
1005)     Preferences-> Behavior Tab -> Set "Run executable text files when they are
1006)     opened" to "Ask every time", then OK.
1007)     </p>
1008) 
1009)     <p>You can also start Tor Browser from the command line by running </p>
1010) 
1011)     <pre>./start-tor-browser</pre>
1012) 
1013)     <p>
1014)     from inside the Tor Browser directory.
1015)     </p>
1016) 
1017)     <hr>
1018) 
1019)     <a id="SophosOnMac"></a>
1020)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#SophosOnMac">I'm using the Sophos anti-virus

1021)     software on my Mac, and Tor starts but I can't browse anywhere.</a></h3>

1022) 
1023)     <p>
1024)     You'll need to modify Sophos anti-virus so that Tor can connect to the
1025)     internet. Go to Preferences -> Web Protection -> General, and turn off
1026)     the protections for "Malicious websites" and "Malicious downloads".
1027)     </p>
1028) 
1029)     <p>
1030)     We encourage affected Sophos users to contact Sophos support about
1031)     this issue.
1032)     </p>
1033) 
1034)     <hr>
1035) 
1036)     <a id="XPCOMError"></a>
1037)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#XPCOMError">When I start Tor Browser I get an
1038)     error message: "Cannot load XPCOM".</a></h3>
1039) 
1040)     <p>
1041)     This <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/10789">
1042)     problem</a> is specifically caused by the Webroot SecureAnywhere Antivirus
1043)     software.
1044)     From the Webroot control panel, go to Identity Protection &rarr; Application
1045)     Protection, and set all the files in your Tor Browser folder to 'Allow'.
1046)     We encourage affected Webroot users to contact Webroot support about this
1047)     issue.
1048)     </p>
1049) 
1050)     <hr>
1051) 
1052)     <a id="TBBOtherExtensions"></a>
1053)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBOtherExtensions">Can I install other
1054)     Firefox extensions?</a></h3>
1055) 
1056)     <p>
1057)     Tor Browser is free software, so there is nothing preventing you from
1058)     modifying it any way you like. However, we do not recommend installing any
1059)     additional Firefox add-ons with Tor Browser. Add-ons can break
1060)     your anonymity in a number of ways, including browser fingerprinting and
1061)     bypassing proxy settings.
1062)     </p>
1063) 
1064)     <p>
1065)     Some people have suggested we include ad-blocking software or anti-tracking
1066)     software with Tor Browser. Right now, we do not think that's such a good
1067)     idea. Tor Browser aims to provide sufficient privacy that additional add-ons
1068)     to stop ads and trackers are not necessary. Using add-ons like these may
1069)     cause some sites to break, which
1070)     <a href="https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser/design/#philosophy">
1071)     we don't want to do</a>. Additionally, maintaining a list of "bad" sites
1072)     that should be black-listed provides another opportunity to uniquely
1073)     fingerprint users.
1074)     </p>
1075) 
1076)     <hr>
1077) 
1078)     <a id="TBBJavaScriptEnabled"></a>
1079)     <a id="TBBCanIBlockJS"></a>
1080)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBJavaScriptEnabled">Why is NoScript
1081)     configured to allow JavaScript by default in Tor Browser?
1082)     Isn't that unsafe?</a></h3>
1083) 
1084)     <p>
1085)     We configure NoScript to allow JavaScript by default in Tor Browser because
1086)     many websites will not work with JavaScript disabled. Most users would give
1087)     up on Tor entirely if a website they want to use requires JavaScript,
1088)     because they would not know how to allow a website to use JavaScript
1089)     (or that enabling JavaScript might make a website work).
1090)     </p>
1091) 
1092)     <p>
1093)     There's a tradeoff here. On the one hand, we should leave JavaScript
1094)     enabled by default so websites work the way users expect. On the other hand,
1095)     we should disable JavaScript by default to better protect against browser
1096)     vulnerabilities (
1097)     <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/tor-security-advisory-old-tor-browser-bundles-vulnerable">
1098)     not just a theoretical concern!</a>). But there's a third issue: websites
1099)     can easily determine whether you have allowed JavaScript for them, and if
1100)     you disable JavaScript by default but then allow a few websites to run
1101)     scripts (the way most people use NoScript), then your choice of whitelisted
1102)     websites acts as a sort of cookie that makes you recognizable (and
1103)     distinguishable), thus harming your anonymity.
1104)     </p>
1105) 
1106)     <p>
1107)     Ultimately, we want the default Tor bundles to use a combination of
1108)     firewalls (like the iptables rules in
1109)     <a href="https://tails.boum.org/">Tails</a>) and
1110)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/7680">sandboxes</a>
1111)     to make JavaScript not so scary. In the shorter term, TBB 3.0 will hopefully
1112)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/9387">allow users
1113)     to choose their JavaScript settings more easily</a> &mdash; but the
1114)     partitioning concern will remain.
1115)     </p>
1116) 
1117)     <p>
1118)     Until we get there, feel free to leave JavaScript on or off depending
1119)     on your security, anonymity, and usability priorities.
1120)     </p>
1121) 
1122)     <hr>
1123) 
1124)     <a id="TBBOtherBrowser"></a>
1125)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBOtherBrowser">I want to use
1126)     Chrome/IE/Opera/etc with Tor.</a></h3>
1127) 
1128)     <p>
1129)     In short, using any browser besides Tor Browser with Tor is a really bad idea.
1130)     </p>
1131) 
1132)     <p>
1133)     Our efforts to work with the Chrome team to
1134)     <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/google-chrome-incognito-mode-tor-and-fingerprinting">
1135)     add missing APIs</a> were unsuccessful, unfortunately. Currently, it is
1136)     impossible to use other browsers and get the same level of protections as
1137)     when using Tor Browser.
1138)     </p>
1139) 
1140)     <hr>
1141) 
1142)     <a id="GoogleCAPTCHA"></a>
1143)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#GoogleCAPTCHA">Google makes me solve a CAPTCHA
1144)     or tells me I have spyware installed.</a></h3>
1145) 
1146)     <p>
1147)     This is a known and intermittent problem; it does not mean that Google
1148)     considers Tor to be spyware.
1149)     </p>
1150) 
1151)     <p>
1152)     When you use Tor, you are sending queries through exit relays that are
1153)     also shared by thousands of other users. Tor users typically see this
1154)     message when many Tor users are querying Google in a short period of time.
1155)     Google interprets the high volume of traffic from a single IP address
1156)     (the exit relay you happened to pick) as somebody trying to "crawl" their
1157)     website, so it slows down traffic from that IP address for a short time.
1158)     </p>
1159) 
1160)     <p>
1161)     An alternate explanation is that Google tries to detect certain kinds of
1162)     spyware or viruses that send distinctive queries to Google Search. It notes
1163)     the IP addresses from which those queries are received (not realizing that
1164)     they are Tor exit relays), and tries to warn any connections coming from
1165)     those IP addresses that recent queries indicate an infection.
1166)     </p>
1167) 
1168)     <p>
1169)     To our knowledge, Google is not doing anything intentionally specifically
1170)     to deter or block Tor use. The error message about an infected machine
1171)     should clear up again after a short time.
1172)     </p>
1173) 
1174)     <hr />
1175) 
1176)     <a id="ForeignLanguages"></a>
1177)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ForeignLanguages">
1178)     Why does Google show up in foreign languages?</a></h3>
1179) 
1180)     <p>
1181)     Google uses "geolocation" to determine where in the world you are, so it
1182)     can give you a personalized experience. This includes using the language
1183)     it thinks you prefer, and it also includes giving you different results
1184)     on your queries.
1185)     </p>
1186) 
1187)     <p>
1188)     If you really want to see Google in English you can click the link that
1189)     provides that. But we consider this a feature with Tor, not a bug --- the
1190)     Internet is not flat, and it in fact does look different depending on
1191)     where you are. This feature reminds people of this fact.
1192)     </p>
1193) 
1194)     <p>
1195)     Note that Google search URLs take name/value pairs as arguments and one
1196)     of those names is "hl". If you set "hl" to "en" then Google will return
1197)     search results in English regardless of what Google server you have been
1198)     sent to. On a query this looks like:
1199)     </p>
1200) 
1201)     <pre>https://encrypted.google.com/search?q=online%20anonymity&hl=en</pre>
1202) 
1203)     <p>
1204)     Another method is to simply use your country code for accessing Google.
1205)     This can be google.be, google.de, google.us and so on.
1206)     </p>
1207) 
1208)     <hr />
1209) 
1210)     <a id="GmailWarning"></a>
1211)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#GmailWarning">Gmail warns me that my account
1212)     may have been compromised.</a></h3>
1213) 
1214)     <p>
1215)     Sometimes, after you've used Gmail over Tor, Google presents a pop-up
1216)     notification that your account may have been compromised.
1217)     The notification window lists a series of IP addresses and locations
1218)     throughout the world recently used to access your account.
1219)     </p>
1220) 
1221)     <p>
1222)     In general this is a false alarm: Google saw a bunch of logins from
1223)     different places, as a result of running the service via Tor, and decided
1224)     it was a good idea to confirm the account was being accessed by it's
1225)     rightful owner.
1226)     </p>
1227) 
1228)     <p>
1229)     Even though this may be a biproduct of using the service via tor, that
1230)     doesn't mean you can entirely ignore the warning. It is <i>probably</i> a
1231)     false positive, but it might not be since it is possible for someone to
1232)     hijack your Google cookie.
1233)     </p>
1234) 
1235)     <p>
1236)     Cookie hijacking is possible by either physical access to your computer or
1237)     by watching your network traffic.  In theory only physical access should
1238)     compromise your system because Gmail and similar services should only send
1239)     the cookie over an SSL link. In practice, alas, it's
1240)     <a href="http://fscked.org/blog/fully-automated-active-https-cookie-hijacking">
1241)     way more complex than that</a>.
1242)     </p>
1243) 
1244)     <p>
1245)     And if somebody <i>did</i> steal your google cookie, they might end up
1246)     logging in from unusual places (though of course they also might not). So
1247)     the summary is that since you're using Tor, this security measure that
1248)     Google uses isn't so useful for you, because it's full of false positives.
1249)     You'll have to use other approaches, like seeing if anything looks weird on
1250)     the account, or looking at the timestamps for recent logins and wondering
1251)     if you actually logged in at those times.
1252)     </p>
1253) 
1254)     <hr>
1255) 
1256)     <a id="NeedToUseAProxy"></a>
1257)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#NeedToUseAProxy">My internet connection
1258)     requires an HTTP or SOCKS Proxy</a></h3>
1259) 
1260)     <p>
1261)     You can set Proxy IP address, port, and authentication information in
1262)     Tor Browser's Network Settings. If you're using Tor another way, check out
1263)     the HTTPProxy and HTTPSProxy config options in the
1264)     <a href="<page docs/tor-manual>">man page</a>, and modify your torrc file
1265)     accordingly. You will need an HTTP proxy for doing GET requests to fetch
1266)     the Tor directory, and you will need an HTTPS proxy for doing CONNECT
1267)     requests to get to Tor relays. (It's fine if they're the same proxy.)
1268)     Tor also recognizes the torrc options Socks4Proxy and Socks5Proxy.
1269)     </p>
1270) 
1271)     <p>
1272)     Also read up on the HTTPProxyAuthenticator and HTTPSProxyAuthenticator
1273)     options if your proxy requires auth. We only support basic auth currently,
1274)     but if you need NTLM authentication, you may find
1275)     <a href="http://archives.seul.org/or/talk/Jun-2005/msg00223.html">this post
1276)     in the archives</a> useful.
1277)     </p>
1278) 
1279)     <p>
1280)     If your proxies only allow you to connect to certain ports, look at the
1281)     entry on <a href="#FirewallPorts">Firewalled clients</a> for how
1282)     to restrict what ports your Tor will try to access.
1283)     </p>
1284) 
1285)     <hr>
1286) 
1287)     <a id="TBBSocksPort"></a>
1288)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBSocksPort">I want to run another
1289)     application through Tor.</a></h3>
1290) 
1291)     <p>
1292)     If you are trying to use some external application with Tor, step zero
1293)     should be to <a href="<page download/download>#warning">reread the set
1294)     of warnings</a> for ways you can screw up. Step one should be to try
1295)     to use a SOCKS proxy rather than an HTTP proxy.
1296)     Typically Tor listens for SOCKS connections on port 9050. Tor Browser
1297)     listens on port 9150.
1298)     </p>
1299) 
1300)     <p>
1301)     If your application doesn't support SOCKS proxies, feel free to install
1302)     <a href="http://www.privoxy.org/">privoxy</a>.
1303)     However, please realize that this approach is not recommended for novice
1304)     users. Privoxy has an
1305)     <a href="http://www.privoxy.org/faq/misc.html#TOR">
1306)     example configuration</a> of Tor and Privoxy.
1307)     </p>
1308) 
1309)     <p>
1310)     If you're unable to use the application's native proxy settings, all hope is
1311)     not lost. See <a href="#CantSetProxy">below</a>.
1312)     </p>
1313) 
1314)     <hr>
1315) 
1316)     <a id="CantSetProxy"></a>
1317)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#CantSetProxy">What should I do if I can't
1318)     set a proxy with my application?</a></h3>
1319) 
1320)     <p>
1321)     On Unix, we recommend you give
1322)     <a href="https://github.com/dgoulet/torsocks/">torsocks</a> a try.
1323)     Alternative proxifying tools like
1324)     <a href="http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/">socat</a> and
1325)     <a href="http://proxychains.sourceforge.net/">proxychains</a> are also
1326)     available.</p>
1327) 
1328)     <p>
1329)     The Windows way to force applications through Tor is less clear.
1330)     <a href="http://freecap.ru/eng/">Some</a>
1331)     <a href="http://www.freehaven.net/~aphex/torcap/">tools</a> have been
1332)     <a href="http://www.crowdstrike.com/community-tools/index.html#tool-79">
1333)     proposed</a>, but we'd also like to see further testing done here.
1334)     </p>
1335) 
1336)     <hr>
1337) 
1338)     <a id="TBB3.x"></a>
1339)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#TBB3.x">Tor Browser (3.x and later):</a></h2>

1340)     <a id="WhereDidVidaliaGo"></a>

1341)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhereDidVidaliaGo">Where did the world map

1342)     (Vidalia) go?</a></h3>
1343) 

1344)     <p>Vidalia has been replaced with Tor Launcher, which is a Firefox

1345)     extension that provides similar functionality.</p>

1346) 
1347)     <hr>
1348) 
1349)     <a id="DisableJS"></a>
1350)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#DisableJS">How do I disable JavaScript?</a>
1351)     </h3>
1352) 

1353)     <p>Alas, Mozilla decided to get rid of the config checkbox for JavaScript
1354)     from earlier Firefox versions. And since TBB 3.5 is based on Firefox 24
1355)     (FF17 is unmaintained), that means TBB 3.5 doesn't have the config

1356)     checkbox anymore either, which is unfortunate.</p>
1357) 

1358)     <p>The simplest way to disable JavaScript in TBB 3.5 is to click on the
1359)     Noscript "S" (between the green onion and the address bar), and select
1360)     "Forbid scripts globally". Note that vanilla NoScript actually whitelists
1361)     several domains even when you try to disable scripts globally, whereas

1362)     Tor Browser's NoScript configuration disables all of them. </p>
1363) 

1364)     <p>The more klunky way to disable JavaScript is to go to about:config,

1365)     find javascript.enabled, and set it to false.</p>
1366) 
1367)     <p>There is also a very simple addon available at addons.mozilla.org
1368)     called QuickJS, which provides a toolbar toggle for the javascript.enabled

1369)     about:config control. There are no configuration options for the addon,
1370)     it just switches the javascript.enabled entry between true and false and

1371)     provides a button for it. </p>
1372) 

1373)     <p>If you want to be extra safe, use both the about:config setting and

1374)     NoScript. </p>
1375) 

1376)     <p>As for whether you should disable it or leave it enabled, that's <a

1377)     href="#TBBJavaScriptEnabled">a tradeoff we leave to you</a>.</p>

1378) 
1379)     <hr>
1380) 
1381)     <a id="VerifyDownload"></a>
1382)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#VerifyDownload">How do I verify the download
1383)     (sha256sums.txt)?</a></h3>
1384) 

1385)     <p>Instructions are on the <a
1386)     href="<page docs/verifying-signatures>#BuildVerification">verifying

1387)     signatures</a> page.</p>

1388) 
1389)     <hr>

1390) 

1391)     <a id="NewIdentityClosingTabs"></a>

1392)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#NewIdentityClosingTabs">Why does "New

1393)     Identity" close all my open tabs?</a></h3>
1394) 
1395)     <p>

1396)     That's actually a feature, since it's discarding your application-level

1397)     browser data too.

1398)     </p>
1399) 
1400)     <p>

1401)     We're working on ways to make the behavior less surprising, e.g. a popup

1402)     warning or auto restoring tabs. See ticket
1403)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/9906">#9906</a>
1404)     and ticket
1405)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/10400">#10400</a>

1406)     to follow progress there.

1407)     </p>
1408) 
1409)     <hr>
1410) 
1411)     <a id="ConfigureRelayOrBridge"></a>

1412)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ConfigureRelayOrBridge">How do I configure Tor
1413)     as a relay or bridge?</a></h3>

1414) 
1415)     <p>

1416)     You've got three options.

1417)     </p>
1418) 
1419)     <p>

1420)     First (best option), if you're on Linux, you can install the system
1421)     Tor package (e.g. apt-get install tor) and then set it up to be a relay

1422)     (<a href="https://www.torproject.org/docs/tor-relay-debian">
1423)     instructions</a>). You can then use TBB independent of that.

1424)     </p>
1425) 
1426) 
1427)     <p>

1428)     Second (complex option), you can edit your torrc file (in Data/Tor/torrc)

1429)     directly to add the following lines:

1430)     </p>

1431) 

1432)     <pre>
1433)     ORPort 443
1434)     Exitpolicy reject *:*
1435)     BridgeRelay 1  # only add this line if you want to be a bridge
1436)     </pre>
1437) 
1438)     <hr>
1439) 
1440)     <a id="Timestamps"></a>

1441)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Timestamps">Why are the file timestamps

1442)     from 2000?</a></h3>
1443) 

1444)     <p>One of the huge new features in TBB 3.x is the "deterministic build"

1445)     process, which allows many people to build Tor Browser and verify that they
1446)     all make exactly the same package. See Mike's
1447)     <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/deterministic-builds-part-one-cyberwar-and-global-compromise">
1448)     first blog</a> post for the motivation, and his
1449)     <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/deterministic-builds-part-two-technical-details">
1450)     second blog post</a> for the technical details of how we do it.

1451)     </p>
1452) 

1453)     <p>Part of creating identical builds is having everybody use the same
1454)     timestamp. Mike picked the beginning of 2000 for that time. The reason

1455)     you might see 7pm in 1999 is because of time zones. </p>
1456) 
1457)     <hr>
1458) 

1459)     <a id="TBBSourceCode"></a>
1460)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TBBSourceCode">Where is the source code for
1461)     Tor Browser? How do I verify a build?</a></h3>
1462) 
1463)     <p>
1464)     Tor Browser is built from the
1465)     <a href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/builders/tor-browser-build.git/">
1466)     tor-browser-build.git git repository</a>. You can have a look at the
1467)     <a href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/builders/tor-browser-build.git/tree/README">
1468)     README file</a> for the build instructions.
1469)     There is also some informations in the
1470)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorBrowser/Hacking">
1471)     Tor Browser Hacking Guide</a>.
1472)     </p>
1473) 
1474)     <hr>
1475) 
1476)     <a id="AdvancedTorUsage"></a>
1477)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#AdvancedTorUsage">Advanced Tor usage:</a></h2>
1478) 
1479)     <a id="torrc"></a>
1480)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#torrc">I'm supposed to "edit my torrc".
1481)     What does that mean?</a></h3>
1482) 
1483)     <p>
1484)     Tor uses a text file called torrc that contains configuration
1485)     instructions for how your Tor program should behave. The default
1486)     configuration should work fine for most Tor users.
1487)     </p>
1488) 
1489)     <p>
1490)     If you installed Tor Browser on Windows or Linux, look for
1491)     <code>Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Tor/torrc</code> inside your Tor Browser
1492)     directory.
1493)     If you're on macOS, the torrc is in
1494)     <code>~/Library/Application Support/TorBrowser-Data/Tor</code>.
1495)     To get to it, press cmd-shift-g while in Finder and copy/paste that
1496)     directory into the box that appears.
1497)     </p>
1498) 
1499)     <p>
1500)     Otherwise, if you are using Tor without Tor Browser, it looks for the
1501)     torrc file in <code>/usr/local/etc/tor/torrc</code> if you compiled tor
1502)     from source, and <code>/etc/tor/torrc</code> or <code>/etc/torrc</code>
1503)     if you installed a pre-built package.
1504)     </p>
1505) 
1506)     <p>
1507)     Once you've created or changed your torrc file, you will need to restart
1508)     tor for the changes to take effect. (For advanced users, note that
1509)     you actually only need to send Tor a HUP signal, not actually restart it.)
1510)     </p>
1511) 
1512)     <p>
1513)     For other configuration options you can use, see the
1514)     <a href="<page docs/tor-manual>">Tor manual page</a>. Have a look at
1515)     <a href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor.git/tree/src/config/torrc.sample.in">
1516)     the sample torrc file</a> for hints on common configurations. Remember, all
1517)     lines beginning with # in torrc are treated as comments and have no effect
1518)     on Tor's configuration.
1519)     </p>
1520) 
1521)     <hr>
1522) 
1523)     <a id="Logs"></a>
1524)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Logs">How do I set up logging, or see Tor's
1525)     logs?</a></h3>
1526) 
1527)     <p>
1528)     You'll have to go find the log files by
1529)     hand. Here are some likely places for your logs to be:
1530)     </p>
1531) 
1532)     <ul>
1533)       <li>On OS X, Debian, Red Hat, etc, the logs are in /var/log/tor/
1534)       </li>
1535)       <li>On Windows, there are no default log files currently. If you enable
1536)       logs in your torrc file, they default to <code>\username\Application
1537)       Data\tor\log\</code> or <code>\Application Data\tor\log\</code>
1538)       </li>
1539)       <li>If you compiled Tor from source, by default your Tor logs to
1540)       <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams">"stdout"</a>
1541)       at log-level notice. If you enable logs in your torrc file, they
1542)       default to <code>/usr/local/var/log/tor/</code>.
1543)       </li>
1544)     </ul>
1545) 
1546)     <p>
1547)     To change your logging setup by hand, <a href="#torrc">edit your
1548)     torrc</a>
1549)     and find the section (near the top of the file) which contains the
1550)     following line:
1551)     </p>
1552) 
1553)     <pre>
1554)     \## Logs go to stdout at level "notice" unless redirected by something
1555)     \## else, like one of the below lines.
1556)     </pre>
1557) 
1558)     <p>
1559)     For example, if you want Tor to send complete debug, info, notice, warn,
1560)     and err level messages to a file, append the following line to the end
1561)     of the section:
1562)     </p>
1563) 
1564)     <pre>
1565)     Log debug file c:/program files/tor/debug.log
1566)     </pre>
1567) 
1568)     <p>
1569)     Replace <code>c:/program files/tor/debug.log</code> with a directory
1570)     and filename for your Tor log.
1571)     </p>
1572) 
1573)     <hr>
1574) 
1575)     <a id="LogLevel"></a>
1576)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#LogLevel">What log level should I use?</a></h3>
1577) 
1578)     <p>
1579)     There are five log levels (also called "log severities") you might see in
1580)     Tor's logs:
1581)     </p>
1582) 
1583)     <ul>
1584) 
1585)     <li>"err": something bad just happened, and we can't recover. Tor will
1586)     exit.</li>
1587)     <li>"warn": something bad happened, but we're still running. The bad
1588)     thing might be a bug in the code, some other Tor process doing something
1589)     unexpected, etc. The operator should examine the message and try to
1590)     correct the problem.</li>
1591)     <li>"notice": something the operator will want to know about.</li>
1592)     <li>"info": something happened (maybe bad, maybe ok), but there's
1593)     nothing you need to (or can) do about it.</li>
1594)     <li>"debug": for everything louder than info. It is quite loud indeed.</li>
1595) 
1596)     </ul>
1597) 
1598)     <p>
1599)     Alas, some of the warn messages are hard for ordinary users to correct --
1600)     the developers are slowly making progress at making Tor automatically react
1601)     correctly for each situation.
1602)     </p>
1603) 
1604)     <p>
1605)     We recommend running at the default, which is "notice". You will hear about
1606)     important things, and you won't hear about unimportant things.
1607)     </p>
1608) 
1609)     <p>
1610)     Tor relays in particular should avoid logging at info or debug in normal
1611)     operation, since they might end up recording sensitive information in
1612)     their logs.
1613)     </p>
1614) 
1615)     <hr>
1616) 
1617)     <a id="DoesntWork"></a>
1618)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#DoesntWork">I installed Tor but it's not
1619)     working.</a></h3>
1620) 
1621)     <p>
1622)     Once you've got Tor Browser up and running, the first question to ask is
1623)     whether your Tor client is able to establish a circuit.
1624)     </p>
1625) 
1626)     <p>If Tor can establish a circuit, Tor Browser will automatically launch
1627)     the browser for you. You can also check in the <a href="#Logs">Tor logs</a>
1628)     for a line saying that Tor "has successfully opened a circuit. Looks like
1629)     client functionality is working."
1630)     </p>
1631) 
1632)     <p>
1633)     If Tor can't establish a circuit, here are some hints:
1634)     </p>
1635) 
1636)     <ol>
1637) 
1638)     <li>Check your system clock. If it's more than a few hours off, Tor will
1639)     refuse to build circuits. For Microsoft Windows users, synchronize your
1640)     clock under the clock -&gt; Internet time tab. In addition, correct the
1641)     day and date under the 'Date &amp; Time' Tab. Also make sure your time
1642)     zone is correct.</li>
1643)     <li>Is your Internet connection <a href="#FirewallPorts">firewalled
1644)     by port</a>, or do you normally need to use a
1645)     <a href="<#NeedToUseAProxy">proxy</a>?
1646)     </li>
1647)     <li>Are you running programs like Norton Internet Security or SELinux that
1648)     block certain connections, even though you don't realize they do? They
1649)     could be preventing Tor from making network connections.</li>
1650)     <li>Are you in China, or behind a restrictive corporate network firewall
1651)     that blocks the public Tor relays? If so, you should learn about
1652)     <a href="<page docs/bridges>">Tor bridges</a>.</li>
1653)     <li>Check your <a href="#Logs">Tor logs</a>. Do they give you any hints
1654)     about what's going wrong?</li>
1655) 
1656)     </ol>
1657) 
1658)     <hr />
1659) 
1660)     <a id="TorCrash"></a>
1661)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TorCrash">My Tor keeps crashing.</a></h3>
1662)     <p>
1663)     We want to hear from you! There are supposed to be zero crash bugs in Tor.
1664)     This FAQ entry describes the best way for you to be helpful to us. But even
1665)     if you can't work out all the details, we still want to hear about it, so
1666)     we can help you track it down.
1667)     </p>
1668)     <p>
1669)     First, make sure you're using the latest version of Tor (either the latest
1670)     stable or the latest development version).
1671)     </p>
1672) 
1673)     <p>
1674)     Second, make sure your version of libevent is new enough. We recommend at
1675)     least libevent 1.3a.
1676)     </p>
1677) 
1678)     <p>
1679)     Third, see if there's already an entry for your bug in the
1680)     <a href="https://bugs.torproject.org/">Tor bugtracker</a>. If so, check if
1681)     there are any new details that you can add.
1682)     </p>
1683) 
1684)     <p>
1685)     Fourth, is the crash repeatable? Can you cause the crash? Can you isolate
1686)     some of the circumstances or config options that make it happen? How
1687)     quickly or often does the bug show up?
1688)     Can you check if it happens with other versions of Tor, for example the
1689)     latest stable release?
1690)     </p>
1691) 
1692)     <p>
1693)     Fifth, what sort of crash do you get?
1694)     </p>
1695) 
1696)     <ul>
1697) 
1698)     <li>
1699)     Does your Tor log include an "assert failure"? If so, please tell us that
1700)     line, since it helps us figure out what's going on. Tell us the previous
1701)     couple of log messages as well, especially if they seem important.
1702)     </li>
1703)     <li>
1704)     If it says "Segmentation fault - core dumped" then you need to do a bit
1705)     more to track it down. Look for a file like "core" or "tor.core" or
1706)     "core.12345" in your current directory, or in your Data Directory.
1707)     If it's there, run "gdb tor core" and then "bt", and include the output.
1708)     If you can't find a core, run "ulimit -c unlimited", restart Tor, and try
1709)     to make it crash again. (This core thing will only work on Unix -- alas,
1710)     tracking down bugs on Windows is harder. If you're on Windows, can you get
1711)     somebody to duplicate your bug on Unix?)
1712)     </li>
1713) 
1714)     <li>
1715)     If Tor simply vanishes mysteriously, it probably is a segmentation fault
1716)     but you're running Tor in the background (as a daemon) so you won't notice.
1717)     Go look at the end of your log file, and look for a core file as above.
1718)     If you don't find any good hints, you should consider running Tor in the
1719)     foreground (from a shell) so you can see how it dies. Warning: if you
1720)     switch to running Tor in the foreground, you might start using a different
1721)     torrc file, with a different default Data Directory; see the
1722)     <a href="#UpgradeOrMove">relay-upgrade FAQ entry</a>
1723)     for details.
1724)     </li>
1725)     <li>
1726)     If it's still vanishing mysteriously, perhaps something else is killing it?
1727)     Do you have resource limits (ulimits) configured that kill off processes
1728)     sometimes? On Linux, try running "dmesg" to see if the out-of-memory killer
1729)     removed your process. (Tor will exit cleanly if it notices that it's run
1730)     out of memory, but in some cases it might not have time to notice.) In very
1731)     rare circumstances, hardware problems could also be the culprit.
1732)     </li>
1733)     </ul>

1734) 
1735)     <p>

1736)     Sixth, if the above ideas don't point out the bug, consider increasing your
1737)     log level to "loglevel debug". You can look at the log-configuration FAQ
1738)     entry for instructions on what to put in your torrc file. If it usually
1739)     takes a long time for the crash to show up, you will want to reserve a
1740)     whole lot of disk space for the debug log. Alternatively, you could just
1741)     send debug-level logs to the screen (it's called "stdout" in the torrc),
1742)     and then when it crashes you'll see the last couple of log lines it had
1743)     printed.
1744)     (Note that running with verbose logging like this will slow Tor down
1745)     considerably, and note also that it's generally not a good idea
1746)     security-wise to keep logs like this sitting around.)
1747)     </p>
1748) 
1749)     <hr />

1750) 

1751)     <a id="ChooseEntryExit"></a>

1752)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ChooseEntryExit">Can I control which nodes
1753)     (or country) are used for entry/exit?</a></h3>

1754) 

1755)     <p>

1756)     Yes. You can set preferred entry and exit nodes as well as
1757)     inform Tor which nodes you do not want to use.

1758)     The following options can be added to your config file <a
1759)     href="#torrc">"torrc"</a> or specified on the command line:

1760)     </p>
1761)     <dl>
1762)       <dt><tt>EntryNodes $fingerprint,$fingerprint,...</tt></dt>

1763)         <dd>A list of preferred nodes to use for the first hop in the
1764) circuit, if possible.

1765)         </dd>
1766)       <dt><tt>ExitNodes $fingerprint,$fingerprint,...</tt></dt>

1767)         <dd>A list of preferred nodes to use for the last hop in the
1768) circuit, if possible.

1769)         </dd>
1770)       <dt><tt>ExcludeNodes $fingerprint,$fingerprint,...</tt></dt>

1771)         <dd>A list of nodes to never use when building a circuit.

1772)         </dd>
1773)       <dt><tt>ExcludeExitNodes $fingerprint,$fingerprint,...</tt></dt>

1774)         <dd>A list of nodes to never use when picking an exit.

1775)             Nodes listed in <tt>ExcludeNodes</tt> are automatically in
1776) this list.

1777)         </dd>
1778)     </dl>
1779)     <p>

1780)     <em>We recommend you do not use these</em>

1781)     — they are intended for testing and may disappear in future
1782) versions.

1783)     You get the best security that Tor can provide when you leave the
1784)     route selection to Tor; overriding the entry / exit nodes can mess
1785)     up your anonymity in ways we don't understand.

1786)     </p>
1787)     <p>

1788)     Note also that not every circuit is used to deliver traffic outside of
1789)     the Tor network. It is normal to see non-exit circuits (such as those

1790)     used to connect to onion services, those that do directory fetches,

1791)     those used for relay reachability self-tests, and so on) that end at
1792)     a non-exit node. To keep a node from being used entirely, see
1793)     <tt>ExcludeNodes</tt> and <tt>StrictNodes</tt> in the

1794)     <a href="<page docs/tor-manual>">manual</a>.

1795)     </p>
1796)     <p>

1797)     Instead of <tt>$fingerprint</tt> you can also specify a
1798)     <a href="https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2">
1799)     2 letter ISO3166 country code</a> in curly braces (for example
1800)     <tt>{de}</tt>), or an ip address pattern (for example 255.254.0.0/8).
1801)     Make sure there are no spaces between the commas and the list items.

1802)     </p>

1803) 

1804)     <p>

1805)     If you want to access a service directly through Tor's Socks interface
1806)     (eg. using ssh via connect.c), another option is to set up an internal
1807)     mapping in your configuration file using <tt>MapAddress</tt>.

1808)     See the manual page for details.
1809)     </p>

1810) 

1811)     <hr>

1812) 

1813)     <a id="FirewallPorts"></a>
1814)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#FirewallPorts">My firewall only allows a
1815)     few outgoing ports.</a></h3>
1816) 
1817)     <p>
1818)     If your firewall works by blocking ports, then you can tell Tor to only
1819)     use the ports when you start your Tor Browser. Or you can add the ports
1820)     that your firewall permits by adding "FascistFirewall 1" to your
1821)     <a href="<page docs/faq>#torrc">torrc configuration file</a>.
1822)     By default, when you set this Tor assumes that your firewall allows only
1823)     port 80 and port 443 (HTTP and HTTPS respectively). You can select a
1824)     different set of ports with the FirewallPorts torrc option.
1825)     </p>
1826) 
1827)     <p>
1828)     If you want to be more fine-grained with your controls, you can also
1829)     use the ReachableAddresses config options, e.g.:
1830)     </p>
1831) 
1832)     <pre>
1833)       ReachableDirAddresses *:80
1834)       ReachableORAddresses *:443
1835)     </pre>
1836) 
1837)     <hr>

1838) 

1839)     <a id="DefaultExitPorts"></a>

1840)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#DefaultExitPorts">Is there a list of default exit

1841)     ports?</a></h3>

1842)     <p>

1843)     The default open ports are listed below but keep in mind that, any port or
1844)     ports can be opened by the relay operator by configuring it in torrc or
1845)     modifying the source code. But the default according to src/or/policies.c
1846)     from the source code release tor-0.2.4.16-rc is:

1847)     </p>
1848)     <pre>
1849)   reject 0.0.0.0/8
1850)   reject 169.254.0.0/16
1851)   reject 127.0.0.0/8
1852)   reject 192.168.0.0/16
1853)   reject 10.0.0.0/8
1854)   reject 172.16.0.0/12
1855)   reject *:25
1856)   reject *:119
1857)   reject *:135-139
1858)   reject *:445
1859)   reject *:563
1860)   reject *:1214
1861)   reject *:4661-4666
1862)   reject *:6346-6429
1863)   reject *:6699
1864)   reject *:6881-6999
1865)   accept *:*
1866)     </pre>
1867)     <p>

1868)     A relay will block access to its own IP address, as well local network
1869)     IP addresses. A relay always blocks itself by default. This prevents
1870)     Tor users from accidentally accessing any of the exit operator's local
1871)     services.

1872)     </p>
1873) 
1874)     <hr>
1875) 

1876)     <a id="WarningsAboutSOCKSandDNSInformationLeaks"></a>

1877)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WarningsAboutSOCKSandDNSInformationLeaks">I
1878)     keep seeing these warnings about SOCKS and DNS information leaks.

1879)     Should I worry?</a></h3>
1880)     <p>

1881)     The warning is:

1882)     </p>
1883)     <p>

1884)     Your application (using socks5 on port %d) is giving Tor only an IP
1885)     address. Applications that do DNS resolves themselves may leak
1886)     information. Consider using Socks4A (e.g. via Polipo or socat) instead.

1887)     </p>
1888)     <p>

1889)     If you are running Tor to get anonymity, and you are worried about an
1890)     attacker who is even slightly clever, then yes, you should worry. Here's why.

1891)     </p>
1892)     <p>

1893)     <b>The Problem.</b> When your applications connect to servers on the
1894)     Internet, they need to resolve hostnames that you can read (like
1895)     www.torproject.org) into IP addresses that the Internet can use (like
1896)     209.237.230.66). To do this, your application sends a request to a DNS
1897)     server, telling it the hostname it wants to resolve. The DNS server
1898)     replies by telling your application the IP address.

1899)     </p>
1900)     <p>

1901)     Clearly, this is a bad idea if you plan to connect to the remote host
1902)     anonymously: when your application sends the request to the DNS server,
1903)     the DNS server (and anybody else who might be watching) can see what
1904)     hostname you are asking for. Even if your application then uses Tor to
1905)     connect to the IP anonymously, it will be pretty obvious that the user
1906)     making the anonymous connection is probably the same person who made
1907)     the DNS request.

1908)     </p>
1909)     <p>

1910)     <b>Where SOCKS comes in.</b> Your application uses the SOCKS protocol
1911)     to connect to your local Tor client. There are 3 versions of SOCKS you
1912)     are likely to run into: SOCKS 4 (which only uses IP addresses), SOCKS 5
1913)     (which usually uses IP addresses in practice), and SOCKS 4a (which uses
1914)     hostnames).

1915)     </p>
1916)     <p>

1917)     When your application uses SOCKS 4 or SOCKS 5 to give Tor an IP address,
1918)     Tor guesses that it 'probably' got the IP address non-anonymously from a
1919)     DNS server. That's why it gives you a warning message: you probably aren't
1920)     as anonymous as you think.

1921)     </p>
1922)     <p>

1923)     <b>So what can I do?</b> We describe a few solutions below.

1924)     </p>
1925)     <ul>
1926)     <li>If your application speaks SOCKS 4a, use it. </li>

1927)     <li>If you only need one or two hosts, or you are good at programming,
1928)     you may be able to get a socks-based port-forwarder like socat to work
1929)     for you; see <a
1930)     href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorifyHOWTO">the

1931)     Torify HOWTO</a> for examples. </li>

1932)     <li>Tor ships with a program called tor-resolve that can use the Tor
1933)     network to look up hostnames remotely; if you resolve hostnames to IPs
1934)     with tor-resolve, then pass the IPs to your applications, you'll be fine.

1935)     (Tor will still give the warning, but now you know what it means.) </li>
1936) 

1937)     <!-- I'm not sure if this project is still maintained or not
1938)     <li>You can use TorDNS as a local DNS server to rectify the DNS leakage.
1939)     See the Torify HOWTO for info on how to run particular applications
1940)     anonymously.</li>
1941)     !-->

1942)     </ul>

1943) 

1944)     <p>If you think that you applied one of the solutions properly but still
1945)     experience DNS leaks please verify there is no third-party application
1946)     using DNS independently of Tor. Please see <a
1947)     href="#AmITotallyAnonymous">the FAQ entry on whether you're really
1948)     absolutely anonymous using Tor</a> for some examples.

1949)     </p>
1950) 
1951)     <hr>
1952) 

1953)     <a id="SocksAndDNS"></a>

1954)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#SocksAndDNS">How do I check if my application
1955)     that uses SOCKS is leaking DNS requests?</a></h3>

1956) 
1957)     <p>

1958)     These are two steps you need to take here. The first is to make sure
1959)     that it's using the correct variant of the SOCKS protocol, and the
1960)     second is to make sure that there aren't other leaks.

1961)     </p>
1962) 
1963)     <p>

1964)     Step one: add "TestSocks 1" to your torrc file, and then watch your
1965)     logs as you use your application. Tor will then log, for each SOCKS
1966)     connection, whether it was using a 'good' variant or a 'bad' one.
1967)     (If you want to automatically disable all 'bad' variants, set
1968)     "SafeSocks 1" in your <a href="#torrc">torrc</a> file.)

1969)     </p>
1970) 
1971)     <p>

1972)     Step two: even if your application is using the correct variant of
1973)     the SOCKS protocol, there is still a risk that it could be leaking
1974)     DNS queries. This problem happens in Firefox extensions that resolve
1975)     the destination hostname themselves, for example to show you its IP
1976)     address, what country it's in, etc. These applications may use a safe
1977)     SOCKS variant when actually making connections, but they still do DNS
1978)     resolves locally. If you suspect your application might behave like
1979)     this, you should use a network sniffer like <a
1980)     href="https://www.wireshark.org/">Wireshark</a> and look for
1981)     suspicious outbound DNS requests. I'm afraid the details of how to look
1982)     for these problems are beyond the scope of a FAQ entry though -- find
1983)     a friend to help if you have problems.

1984)     </p>
1985) 
1986)     <hr>
1987) 

1988)     <a id="TorClientOnADifferentComputerThanMyApplications"></a>

1989)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#TorClientOnADifferentComputerThanMyApplications">
1990)     I want to run my Tor client on a different computer than my applications.

1991)     </a></h3>
1992)     <p>
1993)     By default, your Tor client only listens for applications that
1994)     connect from localhost. Connections from other computers are
1995)     refused. If you want to torify applications on different computers
1996)     than the Tor client, you should edit your torrc to define
1997)     SocksListenAddress 0.0.0.0 and then restart (or hup) Tor. If you
1998)     want to get more advanced, you can configure your Tor client on a
1999)     firewall to bind to your internal IP but not your external IP.
2000)     </p>
2001) 
2002)     <hr>
2003) 
2004)     <a id="ServerClient"></a>
2005)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ServerClient">Can I install Tor on a
2006)     central server, and have my clients connect to it?</a></h3>
2007)     <p>
2008)      Yes. Tor can be configured as a client or a relay on another
2009)      machine, and allow other machines to be able to connect to it
2010)      for anonymity. This is most useful in an environment where many
2011)      computers want a gateway of anonymity to the rest of the world.
2012)      However, be forwarned that with this configuration, anyone within
2013)      your private network (existing between you and the Tor
2014)      client/relay) can see what traffic you are sending in clear text.
2015)      The anonymity doesn't start until you get to the Tor relay.
2016)      Because of this, if you are the controller of your domain and you
2017)      know everything's locked down, you will be OK, but this configuration
2018)      may not be suitable for large private networks where security is
2019)      key all around.
2020)     </p>
2021)     <p>

2022)     Configuration is simple, editing your torrc file's SocksListenAddress
2023)     according to the following examples:

2024)     </p>
2025) 

2026)     <pre>

2027)   #This provides local interface access only,
2028)   #needs SocksPort to be greater than 0
2029)   SocksListenAddress 127.0.0.1
2030) 
2031)   #This provides access to Tor on a specified interface
2032)   SocksListenAddress 192.168.x.x:9100
2033) 
2034)   #Accept from all interfaces
2035)   SocksListenAddress 0.0.0.0:9100
2036)    </pre>

2037) 

2038)     <p>

2039)     You can state multiple listen addresses, in the case that you are
2040)     part of several networks or subnets.

2041)     </p>

2042) 

2043)     <pre>

2044)       SocksListenAddress 192.168.x.x:9100 #eth0
2045)       SocksListenAddress 10.x.x.x:9100 #eth1

2046)     </pre>

2047) 

2048)     <p>

2049)     After this, your clients on their respective networks/subnets would specify
2050)     a socks proxy with the address and port you specified SocksListenAddress
2051)     to be.

2052)     </p>

2053) 

2054)     <p>

2055)     Please note that the SocksPort configuration option gives the port ONLY for
2056)     localhost (127.0.0.1). When setting up your SocksListenAddress(es), you need
2057)     to give the port with the address, as shown above.
2058)     </p>
2059) 

2060)     <p>

2061)     If you are interested in forcing all outgoing data through the central Tor
2062)     client/relay, instead of the server only being an optional proxy, you may
2063)     find the program iptables (for *nix) useful.

2064)     </p>
2065) 
2066)     <hr>
2067) 

2068)     <a id="RunningATorRelay"></a>

2069)     <h2><a class="anchor" href="#RunningATorRelay">Running a Tor relay:</a></h2>

2070) 

2071)     <a id="HowDoIDecide"></a>

2072)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#HowDoIDecide">How do I decide if I should

2073)     run a relay?</a></h3>
2074)     <p>

2075)     We're looking for people with reasonably reliable Internet connections, 
2076)     that have at least 1 MByte/second (that is 8 MBit/second) available
2077)     bandwidth each way. If that's you, please consider
2078)     <a href="<wiki>TorRelayGuide">running a Tor relay</a>.

2079)     </p>

2080) 

2081)     <p>

2082)     Even if you do not have at least 8 MBit/s of available bandwidth you can
2083)     still help the Tor network by running a
2084)     <a href="<page docs/pluggable-transports>#operator">Tor bridge with obfs4
2085)     support</a>.
2086)     In that case you should have at least 1 MBit/s of available bandwidth.

2087)     </p>

2088) 

2089)     <hr>

2090) 

2091)     <a id="MostNeededRelayType"></a>

2092)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#MostNeededRelayType">What type of relays are
2093)     most needed?</a></h3>

2094)     <p>
2095)     <ul>

2096)     <li>The exit relay is the most needed relay type but it also comes with the
2097)     highest legal exposure and risk (and you should NOT run them from your
2098)     home).</li>
2099)     <li>If you are looking to run a relay with minimal effort, fast guard
2100)     relays are also very useful</li>

2101)     <li>followed by bridges.</li>
2102)     </ul>
2103)     </p>
2104) 
2105)     <hr>
2106) 

2107)     <a id="WhyIsntMyRelayBeingUsedMore"></a>

2108)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhyIsntMyRelayBeingUsedMore">Why isn't my

2109)     relay being used more?</a></h3>
2110)     <p>

2111)     If your relay is relatively new then give it time. Tor decides which
2112)     relays it uses heuristically based on reports from Bandwidth
2113)     Authorities. These authorities take measurements of your relay's
2114)     capacity and, over time, directs more traffic there until it reaches
2115)     an optimal load. The lifecycle of a new relay is explained in more

2116)     depth in <a href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/lifecycle-of-a-new-relay">
2117)     this blog post</a>.
2118)     </p>
2119)     <p>

2120)     If you've been running a relay for a while and still having issues

2121)     then try asking on the <a href=
2122)     "https://lists.torproject.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/tor-relays/">

2123)     tor-relays list</a>.

2124)     </p>

2125) 

2126)     <hr>
2127) 

2128)     <a id="IDontHaveAStaticIP"></a>

2129)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#IDontHaveAStaticIP">Can I run a Tor relay
2130)     using a dynamic IP address?</a></h3>

2131) 
2132)     <p>

2133)     Tor can handle relays with dynamic IP addresses just fine. Just leave
2134)     the "Address" line in your torrc blank, and Tor will guess.

2135)     </p>
2136) 
2137)     <hr>
2138) 

2139)     <a id="IPv6Relay"></a>
2140)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#IPv6Relay">Can I use IPv6 on my relay?</a></h3>
2141) 
2142)     <p>

2143)     Tor has <a href="<wiki>org/roadmaps/Tor/IPv6Features">partial</a> support
2144)     for IPv6 and we encourage every relay operator to
2145)     <a href="<wiki>TorRelayGuide#IPv6">enable IPv6 functionality</a> in their
2146)     torrc configuration files when IPv6 connectivity is available.
2147)     For the time being Tor will require IPv4 addresses on relays, you can not
2148)     run a Tor relay on a host with IPv6 addresses only.

2149)     </p>
2150) 
2151)     <hr>

2152)     <a id="PortscannedMore"></a>

2153)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#PortscannedMore">Why do I get portscanned

2154)     more often when I run a Tor relay?</a></h3>
2155) 
2156)     <p>

2157)     If you allow exit connections, some services that people connect to
2158)     from your relay will connect back to collect more information about you.
2159)     For example, some IRC servers connect back to your identd port to record
2160)     which user made the connection. (This doesn't really work for them,
2161)     because Tor doesn't know this information, but they try anyway.) Also,
2162)     users exiting from you might attract the attention of other users on the
2163)     IRC server, website, etc. who want to know more about the host they're
2164)     relaying through.

2165)     </p>
2166)     <p>

2167)     Another reason is that groups who scan for open proxies on the Internet
2168)     have learned that sometimes Tor relays expose their socks port to the
2169)     world. We recommend that you bind your socksport to local networks only.

2170)     </p>
2171)     <p>

2172)     In any case, you need to keep up to date with your security. See this
2173)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/OperationalSecurity">
2174)     article on operational security for Tor relays</a> for more suggestions.

2175)     </p>
2176) 
2177)     <hr>
2178) 

2179)     <a id="HighCapacityConnection"></a>

2180)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#HighCapacityConnection">How can I get Tor to
2181)     fully make use of my high capacity connection?</a></h3>

2182) 

2183)     <p>

2184)     See <a href="http://archives.seul.org/or/relays/Aug-2010/msg00034.html">
2185)     this tor-relays thread</a>.

2186)     </p>

2187) 
2188)     <hr>
2189) 

2190)     <a id="RelayFlexible"></a>

2191)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#RelayFlexible">How stable does my relay need
2192)     to be?</a></h3>

2193) 

2194)     <p>
2195)     We aim to make setting up a Tor relay easy and convenient:
2196)     </p>

2197) 

2198)     <ul>

2199)     <li>It's fine if the relay goes offline sometimes. The directories
2200)     notice this quickly and stop advertising the relay. Just try to make
2201)     sure it's not too often, since connections using the relay when it
2202)     disconnects will break.
2203)     </li>

2204)     <li>Each Tor relay has an <a href="#ExitPolicies">exit policy</a> that
2205)     specifies what sort of outbound connections are allowed or refused from
2206)     that relay. If you are uncomfortable allowing people to exit from your
2207)     relay, you can set it up to only allow connections to other Tor relays.

2208)     </li>
2209)     <li>Your relay will passively estimate and advertise its recent

2210)     bandwidth capacity, so high-bandwidth relays will attract more users than
2211)     low-bandwidth ones. Therefore having low-bandwidth relays is useful too.

2212)     </li>
2213)     </ul>

2214) 

2215)     <hr>

2216) 

2217)     <a id="OutgoingFirewall"></a>

2218)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#OutgoingFirewall">How should I configure

2219)     the outgoing filters on my relay?</a></h3>

2220) 
2221)     <p>

2222)     All <em>outgoing</em> connections must be allowed, so that each relay can 
2223)     communicate with every other relay.

2224)     </p>
2225)     <p>

2226)     In many jurisdictions, Tor relay operators are legally protected by the 
2227)     same <em>common carrier</em> regulations that prevent internet service 
2228)     providers from being held liable for third-party content that passes 
2229)     through their network. Exit relays that filter some traffic would 
2230)     likely forfeit those protections. 

2231)     </p>
2232)     <p>

2233)     Tor promotes free network access without interference. 
2234)     Exit relays must not filter the traffic 
2235)     that passes through them to the internet. 
2236)     Exit relays found to be filtering traffic will get the <a 

2237)     href="#WhatIsTheBadExitFlag">BadExit</a> flag once detected.
2238)     </p>
2239) 
2240)     <hr>
2241) 

2242)     <a id="BandwidthShaping"></a>

2243)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#BandwidthShaping">What bandwidth shaping

2244)     options are available to Tor relays?</a></h3>
2245) 
2246)     <p>

2247)     There are two options you can add to your torrc file:

2248)     </p>
2249)     <ul>
2250)     <li>

2251)     BandwidthRate is the maximum long-term bandwidth allowed (bytes per

2252)     second). For example, you might want to choose "BandwidthRate 10 MBytes"
2253)     for 10 megabytes per second (a fast connection), or "BandwidthRate 500

2254)     KBytes" for 500 kilobytes per second (a decent cable connection).

2255)     The minimum BandwidthRate setting is 75 kilobytes per second.

2256)     </li>
2257)     <li>

2258)     BandwidthBurst is a pool of bytes used to fulfill requests during
2259)     short periods of traffic above BandwidthRate but still keeps the
2260)     average over a long period to BandwidthRate. A low Rate but a high
2261)     Burst enforces a long-term average while still allowing more traffic
2262)     during peak times if the average hasn't been reached lately. For example,

2263)     if you choose "BandwidthBurst 500 KBytes" and also use that for your
2264)     BandwidthRate, then you will never use more than 500 kilobytes per second;
2265)     but if you choose a higher BandwidthBurst (like 5 MBytes), it will allow

2266)     more bytes through until the pool is empty.
2267)     </li>
2268)     </ul>
2269)     <p>

2270)     If you have an asymmetric connection (upload less than download) such
2271)     as a cable modem, you should set BandwidthRate to less than your smaller
2272)     bandwidth (Usually that's the upload bandwidth). (Otherwise, you could
2273)     drop many packets during periods of maximum bandwidth usage -- you may
2274)     need to experiment with which values make your connection comfortable.)
2275)     Then set BandwidthBurst to the same as BandwidthRate.

2276)     </p>
2277)     <p>

2278)     Linux-based Tor nodes have another option at their disposal: they can
2279)     prioritize Tor traffic below other traffic on their machine, so that

2280)     their own personal traffic is not impacted by Tor load. A
2281)     <a href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor.git/tree/contrib/operator-tools/linux-tor-prio.sh">
2282)     script to do this</a> can be found in the Tor source distribution's contrib

2283)     directory.

2284)     </p>
2285)     <p>

2286)     Additionally, there are hibernation options where you can tell Tor to
2287)     only serve a certain amount of bandwidth per time period (such as 100
2288)     GB per month). These are covered in the <a
2289)     href="#LimitTotalBandwidth">hibernation entry</a> below.

2290)     </p>
2291)     <p>

2292)     Note that BandwidthRate and BandwidthBurst are in <b>Bytes</b>, not Bits.

2293)     </p>
2294) 
2295)     <hr>
2296) 
2297)     <a id="LimitTotalBandwidth"></a>

2298)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#LimitTotalBandwidth">How can I limit the

2299)     total amount of bandwidth used by my Tor relay?</a></h3>
2300)     <p>

2301)     The accounting options in the torrc file allow you to specify the maximum
2302)     amount of bytes your relay uses for a time period.

2303)     </p>
2304)     <pre>
2305)     AccountingStart day week month [day] HH:MM
2306)     </pre>
2307)     <p>

2308)     This specifies when the accounting should reset. For instance, to setup
2309)     a total amount of bytes served for a week (that resets every Wednesday
2310)     at 10:00am), you would use:

2311)     </p>
2312)     <pre>
2313)     AccountingStart week 3 10:00

2314)     AccountingMax 500 GBytes

2315)     </pre>
2316)     <p>

2317)     This specifies the maximum amount of data your relay will send during an
2318)     accounting period, and the maximum amount of data your relay will receive
2319)     during an account period. When the accounting period resets (from

2320)     AccountingStart), then the counters for AccountingMax are reset to 0.
2321)     </p>
2322)     <p>

2323)     Example: Let's say you want to allow 50 GB of traffic every day in each

2324)     direction and the accounting should reset at noon each day:

2325)     </p>
2326)     <pre>
2327)     AccountingStart day 12:00

2328)     AccountingMax 50 GBytes

2329)     </pre>
2330)     <p>

2331)     Note that your relay won't wake up exactly at the beginning of each
2332)     accounting period. It will keep track of how quickly it used its
2333)     quota in the last period, and choose a random point in the new interval
2334)     to wake up. This way we avoid having hundreds of relays working at the
2335)     beginning of each month but none still up by the end.

2336)     </p>
2337)     <p>

2338)     If you have only a small amount of bandwidth to donate compared to your
2339)     connection speed, we recommend you use daily accounting, so you don't
2340)     end up using your entire monthly quota in the first day. Just divide
2341)     your monthly amount by 30. You might also consider rate limiting to
2342)     spread your usefulness over more of the day: if you want to offer X GB

2343)     in each direction, you could set your RelayBandwidthRate to 20*X KBytes.

2344)     For example,

2345)     if you have 50 GB to offer each way, you might set your RelayBandwidthRate
2346)     to 1000 KBytes: this way your relay will always be useful for at least half
2347)     of each day.

2348)     </p>

2349) 

2350)     <pre>
2351)     AccountingStart day 0:00
2352)     AccountingMax 50 GBytes
2353)     RelayBandwidthRate 1000 KBytes
2354)     RelayBandwidthBurst 5000 KBytes # allow higher bursts but maintain average
2355)     </pre>

2356) 
2357)     <hr>
2358) 
2359)     <a id="RelayWritesMoreThanItReads"></a>

2360)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#RelayWritesMoreThanItReads">Why does my relay

2361)     write more bytes onto the network than it reads?</a></h3>

2362) 

2363)     <p>You're right, for the most part a byte into your Tor relay means a

2364)     byte out, and vice versa. But there are a few exceptions:</p>
2365) 

2366)     <p>If you open your DirPort, then Tor clients will ask you for a copy of
2367)     the directory. The request they make (an HTTP GET) is quite small, and the
2368)     response is sometimes quite large. This probably accounts for most of the

2369)     difference between your "write" byte count and your "read" byte count.</p>
2370) 

2371)     <p>Another minor exception shows up when you operate as an exit node, and
2372)     you read a few bytes from an exit connection (for example, an instant
2373)     messaging or ssh connection) and wrap it up into an entire 512 byte cell

2374)     for transport through the Tor network.</p>
2375) 
2376)     <hr>
2377) 
2378)     <a id="Hibernation"></a>

2379)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#Hibernation">Why can I not browse anymore

2380)     after limiting bandwidth on my Tor relay?</a></h3>

2381) 

2382)     <p>The parameters assigned in the <a
2383)     href="#LimitTotalBandwidth">AccountingMax</a> and <a
2384)     href="#BandwidthShaping">BandwidthRate</a> apply to both client and
2385)     relay functions of the Tor process. Thus you may find that you are unable
2386)     to browse as soon as your Tor goes into hibernation, signaled by this

2387)     entry in the log:</p>
2388) 

2389)     <pre>Bandwidth soft limit reached; commencing hibernation. No new

2390)     connections will be accepted</pre>
2391) 

2392)     <p>The solution is to run two Tor processes - one relay and one client,
2393)     each with its own config. One way to do this (if you are starting from a

2394)     working relay setup) is as follows:</p>
2395) 
2396)     <ul>
2397)         <li>In the relay Tor torrc file, simply set the SocksPort to 0.</li>

2398)         <li>Create a new client torrc file from the torrc.sample and ensure
2399)         it uses a different log file from the relay. One naming convention

2400)         may be torrc.client and torrc.relay.</li>

2401)         <li>Modify the Tor client and relay startup scripts to include

2402)         '-f /path/to/correct/torrc'.</li>

2403)         <li>In Linux/BSD/Mac OS X, changing the startup scripts to Tor.client

2404)         and Tor.relay may make separation of configs easier.</li>
2405)     </ul>
2406) 

2407)     <hr>

2408) 

2409)     <a id="ExitPolicies"></a>

2410)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#ExitPolicies">I'd run a relay, but I
2411) don't want to deal with abuse issues.</a></h3>

2412) 

2413)     <p>
2414)     Great. That's exactly why we implemented exit policies.
2415)     </p>

2416) 

2417)     <p>
2418)     Each Tor relay has an exit policy that specifies what sort of

2419)     outbound connections are allowed or refused from that relay. The exit

2420)     policies are propagated to Tor clients via the directory, so clients
2421)     will automatically avoid picking exit relays that would refuse to
2422)     exit to their intended destination. This way each relay can decide

2423)     the services, hosts, and networks it wants to allow connections to,

2424)     based on abuse potential and its own situation. Read the FAQ entry on
2425)     <a href="<page docs/faq-abuse>#TypicalAbuses">issues you might encounter</a>

2426)     if you use the default exit policy, and then read Mike Perry's

2427)     <a href="<blog>tips-running-exit-node">tips

2428)     for running an exit node with minimal harassment</a>.
2429)     </p>

2430) 

2431)     <p>

2432)     The default exit policy allows access to many popular services

2433)     (e.g. web browsing), but <a href="#DefaultExitPorts">restricts</a> some due
2434)     to abuse potential (e.g. mail) and some since the Tor network can't handle
2435)     the load (e.g. default file-sharing ports). You can change your exit policy
2436)     by editing your <a href="<page docs/faq>#torrc">torrc</a> file. If you want
2437)     to avoid most if not all abuse potential, set it to <var>"reject *:*"</var>.
2438)     This setting means that your relay will be used for relaying traffic inside
2439)     the Tor network, but not for connections to external websites or other
2440)     services.
2441)     </p>
2442) 
2443)     <p>
2444)     If you do allow any exit connections, make sure name resolution works

2445)     (that is, your computer can resolve Internet addresses correctly).

2446)     If there are any resources that your computer can't reach (for example,

2447)     you are behind a restrictive firewall or content filter), please

2448)     explicitly reject them in your exit policy — otherwise Tor users

2449)     will be impacted too.
2450)     </p>

2451) 

2452)     <hr>

2453) 

2454)     <a id="PackagedTor"></a>

2455)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#PackagedTor">Should I install Tor from my

2456)     package manager, or build from source?</a></h3>
2457)     <p>

2458)     If you're using Debian or Ubuntu especially, there are a number of benefits
2459)     to installing Tor from the <a

2460)     href="<page docs/debian>">Tor Project's repository</a>.

2461)     </p>
2462)     <ul>
2463)       <li>

2464)       Your ulimit -n gets set to 32768 — high enough for Tor to
2465)       keep open all the connections it needs.

2466)       </li>
2467)       <li>

2468)       A user profile is created just for Tor, so Tor doesn't need to run as

2469)       root.
2470)       </li>
2471)       <li>
2472)       An init script is included so that Tor runs at boot.
2473)       </li>
2474)       <li>

2475)       Tor runs with --verify-config, so that most problems with your
2476)       config file get caught.

2477)       </li>
2478)       <li>
2479)       Tor can bind to low level ports, then drop privileges.
2480)       </li>
2481)     </ul>
2482) 
2483)     <hr>
2484) 

2485)     <a id="WhatIsTheBadExitFlag"></a>

2486)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WhatIsTheBadExitFlag">What is the

2487)     BadExit flag?</a></h3>
2488) 

2489)     <p>When an exit is misconfigured or malicious it's assigned the BadExit
2490)     flag. This tells Tor to avoid exiting through that relay. In effect,

2491)     relays with this flag become non-exits.</p>
2492) 
2493)     <hr>
2494) 
2495)     <a id="IGotTheBadExitFlagWhyDidThatHappen"></a>
2496)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#IGotTheBadExitFlagWhyDidThatHappen">I got
2497)     the BadExit flag why did that happen?</a></h3>
2498) 

2499)     <p>If you got this flag then we either discovered a problem or suspicious

2500)     activity when routing traffic through your exit and weren't able to contact
2501)     you. Please reach out to the
2502)     <a href="mailto:bad-relays@lists.torproject.org">bad-relays team</a>

2503)     so we can sort out the issue.
2504)     </p>

2505) 
2506)     <hr>
2507) 
2508)     <a id="MyRelayRecentlyGotTheGuardFlagAndTrafficDroppedByHalf"></a>

2509)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#MyRelayRecentlyGotTheGuardFlagAndTrafficDroppedByHalf">
2510)     My relay recently got the Guard flag and traffic dropped by half.</a></h3>

2511)     <p>

2512)     Since it's now a guard, clients are using it less in other positions, but
2513)     not many clients have rotated their existing guards out to use it as a
2514)     guard yet. Read more details in this <a
2515)     href="https://blog.torproject.org/blog/lifecycle-of-a-new-relay">blog
2516)     post</a> or in <a href="http://freehaven.net/anonbib/#wpes12-cogs">Changing
2517)     of the Guards: A Framework for Understanding and Improving Entry Guard

2518)     Selection in Tor</a>.
2519)     </p>

2520) 

2521)     <hr>
2522) 

2523)     <a id="RelayOrBridge"></a>

2524)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#RelayOrBridge">Should I be a normal relay or
2525)     bridge relay?</a></h3>

2526) 

2527)     <p><a href="<page docs/bridges>">Bridge relays</a> (or "bridges" for short)
2528)     are <a href="<wiki>TorRelayGuide">Tor relays</a> that aren't listed in the
2529)     public Tor directory. That means that ISPs or governments trying to block
2530)     access to the Tor network can't simply block all bridges.

2531)     </p>

2532) 

2533)     <p>Being a normal relay vs being a bridge relay is almost the same

2534)     configuration: it's just a matter of whether your relay is listed publicly
2535)     or not.

2536)     </p>

2537) 

2538)     <p>

2539)     So bridges are useful a) for Tor users in oppressive regimes, and b) for
2540)     people who want an extra layer of security because they're worried somebody
2541)     will recognize that it's a public Tor relay IP address they're contacting.

2542)     </p>

2543) 

2544)     <p>

2545)     Several countries, including China and Iran, have found ways to detect and
2546)     block connections to Tor bridges.

2547)     <a href="<page docs/pluggable-transports>">Obfsproxy</a> bridges address

2548)     this by adding another layer of obfuscation.

2549)     </p>
2550) 

2551)     <p>So should you run a normal relay or bridge relay? If you have lots
2552)     of bandwidth, you should definitely run a normal relay. If you're willing
2553)     to <a href="#ExitPolicies">be an exit</a>, you should definitely run an
2554)     exit relay, since we need more exits. If you can't be an exit and only have
2555)     a little bit of bandwidth, setup an

2556)     <a href="<page docs/pluggable-transports>#operator">obfs4 bridge</a>.
2557)     Thanks for volunteering!

2558)     </p>

2559) 

2560)     <hr>

2561) 

2562)     <a id="UpgradeOrMove"></a>
2563)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#UpgradeOrMove">I want to upgrade/move my relay.
2564)     How do I keep the same key?</a></h3>
2565) 
2566)     <p>
2567)     When upgrading your Tor relay, or moving it on a different computer, the
2568)     important part is to keep the same identity keys (stored in
2569)     "keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key" and "keys/secret_id_key" in your
2570)     DataDirectory). Keeping backups of the identity keys so you can restore
2571)     a relay in the future is the recommended way to ensure the reputation of
2572)     the relay won't be wasted.
2573)     </p>
2574) 
2575)     <p>
2576)     This means that if you're upgrading your Tor relay and you keep the same
2577)     torrc and the same DataDirectory, then the upgrade should just work and
2578)     your relay will keep using the same key. If you need to pick a new
2579)     DataDirectory, be sure to copy your old
2580)     keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key and keys/secret_id_key over.
2581)     </p>
2582) 
2583)     <p>
2584)     Note: As of Tor 0.2.7 we are using new generation identities for relays
2585)     based on ed25519 elliptic curve cryptography. Eventually they will
2586)     replace the old RSA identities, but that will happen in time, to ensure
2587)     compatibility with older versions. Until then, each relay will have both
2588)     an ed25519 identity (identity key file:
2589)     keys/ed25519_master_id_secret_key) and a RSA identity (identity key
2590)     file: keys/secret_id_key). You need to copy / backup both of them in
2591)     order to restore your relay, change your DataDirectory or migrate the
2592)     relay on a new computer.
2593)     </p>
2594) 
2595)     <hr>
2596) 
2597)     <a id="OfflineED25519"></a>
2598)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#OfflineED25519">How do offline ed25519
2599)     identity keys work? What do I need to know?</a></h3>
2600) 
2601)     <p>
2602)     As of Tor 0.2.7 offline ed25519 identity keys are supported. In simple
2603)     words, it works like this:
2604)     </p>
2605) 
2606)     <ul>
2607)     <li>there is a master ed25519 identity secret key file named
2608)     "ed25519_master_id_secret_key". This is the most important one, so make
2609)     sure you keep a backup in a secure place - the file is sensitive and
2610)     should be protected. Tor could encrypt it for you if you generate it
2611)     manually and enter a password when asked.</li>
2612)     <li>a medium term signing key named "ed25519_signing_secret_key" is
2613)     generated for Tor to use. Also, a certificate is generated named
2614)     "ed25519_signing_cert" which is signed by the master identity secret key
2615)     and confirms that the medium term signing key is valid for a certain
2616)     period of time. The default validity is 30 days, but this can be
2617)     customized by setting "SigningKeyLifetime N days|weeks|months" in
2618)     torrc.</li>
2619)     <li>there is also a master public key named
2620)     "ed25519_master_id_public_key, which is the actual identity of the relay
2621)     advertised in the network. This one is not sensitive and can be easily
2622)     computed from "ed5519_master_id_secret_key".</li>
2623)     </ul>
2624) 
2625)     <p>
2626)     Tor will only need access to the medium term signing key and certificate
2627)     as long as they are valid, so the master identity secret key can be kept
2628)     outside DataDirectory/keys, on a storage media or a different computer.
2629)     You'll have to manually renew the medium term signing key and
2630)     certificate before they expire otherwise the Tor process on the relay
2631)     will exit upon expiration.
2632)     </p>
2633) 
2634)     <p>
2635)     This feature is optional, you don't need to use it unless you want to.
2636)     If you want your relay to run unattended for longer time without having
2637)     to manually do the medium term signing key renewal on regular basis,
2638)     best to leave the master identity secret key in DataDirectory/keys, just
2639)     make a backup in case you'll need to reinstall it.  If you want to use
2640)     this feature, you can consult our
2641)     <a href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorRelaySecurity/OfflineKeys">
2642)     more detailed guide</a> on the topic.
2643)     </p>
2644) 
2645)     <hr>
2646) 
2647)     <a id="NTService"></a>
2648)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#NTService">How do I run my Tor relay as an NT
2649)     service?</a></h3>
2650) 
2651)     <p>
2652)     You can run Tor as a service on all versions of Windows except Windows
2653)     95/98/ME.
2654)     </p>
2655) 
2656)     <p>
2657)     If you've already configured your Tor to be a relay, please note that when
2658)     you enable Tor as a service, it will use a different DatagDirectory, and
2659)     thus will generate a different key. If you want to keep using the old key,
2660)     see the Upgrading your Tor relay FAQ entry for how to restore the old
2661)     identity key.
2662)     </p>
2663) 
2664)     <p>
2665)     To install Tor as a service, you can simply run:
2666)     </p>
2667) 
2668)     <pre>
2669)     tor --service install
2670)     </pre>
2671) 
2672)     <p>
2673)     A service called Tor Win32 Service will be installed and started. This
2674)     service will also automatically start every time Windows boots, unless
2675)     you change the Start-up type. An easy way to check the status of Tor,
2676)     start or stop the service, and change the start-up type is by running
2677)     services.msc and finding the Tor service in the list of currently
2678)     installed services.
2679)     </p>
2680) 
2681)     <p>
2682)     Optionally, you can specify additional options for the Tor service using
2683)     the -options argument. For example, if you want Tor to use C:\tor\torrc,
2684)     instead of the default torrc, and open a control port on port 9151, you
2685)     would run:
2686)     </p>
2687) 
2688)     <pre>
2689)     tor --service install -options -f C:\tor\torrc ControlPort 9151
2690)     </pre>
2691) 
2692)     <p>
2693)     You can also start or stop the Tor service from the command line by typing:
2694)     </p>
2695) 
2696)     <pre>
2697)     tor --service start
2698)     </pre>
2699) 
2700)     <p>
2701)     or
2702)     </p>
2703) 
2704)     <pre>
2705)     tor --service stop
2706)     </pre>
2707) 
2708)     <p>
2709)     To remove the Tor service, you can run the following command:
2710)     </p>
2711) 
2712)     <pre>
2713)     tor --service remove
2714)     </pre>
2715) 
2716)     <p>
2717)     If you are running Tor as a service and you want to uninstall Tor entirely,
2718)     be sure to run the service removal command (shown above) first before
2719)     running the uninstaller from "Add/Remove Programs". The uninstaller is
2720)     currently not capable of removing the active service.
2721)     </p>
2722) 
2723)     <hr>
2724) 
2725)     <a id="VirtualServer"></a>
2726)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#VirtualServer">Can I run a Tor relay from my
2727)     virtual server account?</a></h3>
2728) 
2729)     <p>
2730)     Some ISPs are selling "vserver" accounts that provide what they call a
2731)     virtual server -- you can't actually interact with the hardware, and
2732)     they can artificially limit certain resources such as the number of file
2733)     descriptors you can open at once. Competent vserver admins are able to
2734)     configure your server to not hit these limits. For example, in SWSoft's
2735)     Virtuozzo, investigate /proc/user_beancounters. Look for "failcnt" in
2736)     tcpsndbuf, tcprecvbuf, numothersock, and othersockbuf. Ask for these to
2737)     be increased accordingly. Xen, Virtual Box and VMware virtual servers have
2738)     no such limits normally.
2739)     </p>
2740) 
2741)     <p>
2742)     If the vserver admin will not increase system limits another option is
2743)     to reduce the memory allocated to the send and receive buffers on TCP
2744)     connections Tor uses. An experimental feature to constrain socket buffers
2745)     has recently been added. If your version of Tor supports it, set
2746)     "ConstrainedSockets 1" in your configuration. See the tor man page for
2747)     additional details about this option.
2748)     </p>
2749) 
2750)     <p>
2751)     Unfortunately, since Tor currently requires you to be able to connect to
2752)     all the other Tor relays, we need you to be able to use at least 1024 file
2753)     descriptors. This means we can't make use of Tor relays that are crippled
2754)     in this way.
2755)     </p>

2756) 

2757)     <p>
2758)     We hope to fix this in the future, once we know how to build a Tor network
2759)     with restricted topologies -- that is, where each node connects to only a
2760)     few other nodes. But this is still a long way off.
2761)     </p>

2762) 

2763)     <hr>
2764) 

2765)     <a id="MultipleRelays"></a>
2766)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#MultipleRelays">I want to run more than one
2767)     relay.</a></h3>
2768) 
2769)     <p>
2770)     Great. If you want to run several relays to donate more to the network,
2771)     we're happy with that. But please don't run more than a few dozen on
2772)     the same network, since part of the goal of the Tor network is dispersal
2773)     and diversity.
2774)     </p>
2775) 
2776)     <p>
2777)     If you do decide to run more than one relay, please set the "MyFamily"
2778)     config option in the <a href="#torrc">torrc</a> of each relay, listing
2779)     all the relays (comma-separated) that are under your control:
2780)     </p>
2781) 
2782)     <pre>

2783)     MyFamily $fingerprint1,$fingerprint2,$fingerprint3

2784)     </pre>

2785) 

2786)     <p>
2787)     where each fingerprint is the 40 character identity fingerprint (without
2788)     spaces).
2789)     </p>

2790) 

2791)     <p>
2792)     That way clients will know to avoid using more than one of your relays
2793)     in a single circuit. You should set MyFamily if you have administrative
2794)     control of the computers or of their network, even if they're not all in
2795)     the same geographic location.
2796)     </p>

2797) 
2798)     <hr>
2799) 

2800)     <a id="WrongIP"></a>

2801)     <h3><a class="anchor" href="#WrongIP">My relay is picking the wrong

2802)     IP address.</a></h3>

2803)     <p>

2804)     Tor guesses its IP address by asking the computer for its hostname, and
2805)     then resolving that hostname. Often people have old entries in their
2806)     <var>/etc/hosts</var> file that point to old IP addresses.

2807)     </p>

2808)